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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Classification of flowering plants (Eudicots…
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Changing concepts about early angiosperms
ranalean flower
a
Magnolia
type flower was thought to be relictual*
such a flower is generalized
meaning it has all parts
petals
stamens
sepals
carpels
occur in a superior position, above the other parts
these parts are arranged spirally
wind-pollinated trees were grouped together
considered the most relictual living flowering plant
elms
oaks
alders
plane trees
subclass Hamamelidae
later found that they can not be relictual
because their wood contains vessels, fibers, & parenchyma
Classification of flowering plants
flowering plants began to follow 2 lines of evolution
almost all angiosperms are classified as monocots or eudicots
no single character distinguishes a monocot from a eudicot\
Monocots
#
have only 1 cotyledon on each embryo
leaves usually have parallel veins
vascular bundles are distributed throughout the stem, not restricted in one ring
never have ordinary secondary growth and wood
Eudicots
#
much more diverse
have 2 cotyledons
reticulate venation in the leaves
vascular bundles occur in only 1 ring in the stem
they can be woody, herbaceous, or succulent
basal angiosperms
#
several clades of diverged early angiosperms
basal angiosperms
contains the living descendants of several groups
the 3 groups of extant descendants of these clades:
Amborellaceae
Nymphaeaceae
water lilies
completely lack any wood
small, soft-bodied herbs
stems must be submerged under water
large colorful flowers are pollinated by animals
Austrobaileyales
Magnolianceae
#
uniaperturate
their pollen grains have only a single germination pore
Monocots
Alismatales
contains many aquatic herbs and aquarium plants
these plants are often found in swamps and marshes
partly or entirely submerged
no transpiration
air chambers make the plants buoyant
Liliales
important features:
rather ordinary nectaries formed at the bases of tepals or stamens
presence of spots or lines on the petals
Lilies, Tulips, Mariposa Lily, Flame Lily
Asparagales
Orchidaceae is the largest and most diverse family
septal nectaries
the open areas that secret nectar
carpals fused side by side starting at their bases
fused sides called
septa
Dioscoreales
small order only has only family
a familiar important food crop
unusual morphology
Yams
Commelinoid Monocots
Arecales
contains the palms
all species have simple leaves that are fully expanded by the wind
coconuts and dates are types of palm fruits
Poales
grasses, cattails, bromeliads, and sedges
wind pollinated
Zingiberales
house plants
Maranta, Calathea,
canna lilies, and gingers*
Eudicots
Rosid Clade
named for the rose order Rosales
Asterid Clade
most derived large clade of eudicots
sunflowers, periwinkle, petunia, and morning glory
Basal Eudicots
families didn't seem to fit in either Monocots or Dicots
Caryophyllales, Santalales
