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Pathologies of the Endocrine System (Thyroid Gland (thyroid carcinoma…
Pathologies of the Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
hyperpituitarism
a condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones; it typically results from a pituitary adenoma.
acromegaly
abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
gigantism
excessive growth due to hormonal imbalance
short stature
an adult height that is more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and gender
galactorrhea
excessive or inappropriate production of milk
prolactinoma
a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland in the brain overproduces the hormone prolactin
pituitary adenoma
tumors that occur in the pituitary gland
SIADH
high levels of a hormone cause the body to retain water
hypothysectomy
the removal of the pituitary gland
Thyroid Gland
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid
Hashimoto’s disease
the immune system attacks the thyroid
hypothyroidism
the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone
cretinism
a condition characterized by physical deformity and learning disabilities that is caused by congenital thyroid deficiency
myxedema
untreated hypothyroidism
thyroid storm
an exaggeration of the usual physiologic response seen in hyperthyroidism
hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid
Grave’s disease
autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism
goiter
enlarged thyroid
exophthalmos
Bulging of the eyes, which causes the eyes to move out of the sockets in one or both eyes
radioactive iodine uptake test
scan used to diagnose hyperthyroidism
tests thyroid function
thyroid scan
used to examine the thyroid
anti-thyroid drug
a hormone antagonist acting upon thyroid hormones
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of the thyroid
synthetic thyroid hormones
mimics natural thyroid hormones
Parathyroid Gland
hyperparathyroidism
overactive parathyroid
hypoparathyroidism
underactive parathyroid
hypercalcemia
condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal
hypocalcemia
an electrolyte imbalance and is indicated by a low level of calcium in the blood
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of the parathyroid
Adrenal Gland
adrenitis
inflammation of adrenal glands
Addison's Disease
adrenal insufficiency
aldosteronism
a condition in which there is excessive secretion of aldosterone
Conn’s Syndrome
when the adrenal glands make too much aldosterone
pheochromocytoma
a hormone-secreting tumor that can occur in the adrenal glands
Cushing’s Disease
a condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time
laproscopic adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland via laproscope
cortisone
the main hormone released by the adrenal gland in response to stress
epi pen
treats severe allergic reactions in emergency situations
Pineal Gland
pinealoma
tumor of the pinealoma
pinealectomy
surgical removal of the pineal gland
Gonads
hypergonadism
abnormally high levels of testosterone or estrogen, crucial hormones for sexual development
hypogonadism
failure of the gonads, testes in men and ovaries in women, to function properly
gynecomastia
enlargement or swelling of breast tissue in males
Pancreas
pancreatectomy
surgical removal of the pancreas