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Genetics (DNA Replication Steps (DNA Replication Proteins (DNA Polymerases…
Genetics
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DNA Mutations
Base Substitutions
Transition: this occurs when a purine is substituted with another purine or when a pyrimidine is substituted with another pyrimidine
Transversion: when a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine replaces a purine
Silent: If abase substitution occurs in the third position of the codon there is a good chance that a synonymous codon will be generated
Missence: When base substitution results in the generation of a codon that specifies a different amino acid and hence leads to a different polypeptide sequence. Depending on the type of amino acid substitution the missense mutation is either conservative or nonconservative
Nonsense: When a base substitution results in a stop codon ultimately truncating translation and most likely leading to a nonfunctional protein
Deletions
A deletion, resulting in a frameshift, results when one or more base pairs are lost from the DNA
Insertions
insertion of additional base pairs may lead to frameshifts depending on whether or not multiples of three base pairs are inserted
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Basis of Inheritance
DNA Structure
DNA: made up of nucleotides that contain a phosphate group, sugar group, and nitrogen base.
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Signal Recognition Peptides: a ribonucleoprotein particle essential for the targeting of signal peptide-bearing proteins to the prokaryotic plasma membrane or the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane for secretion or membrane insertion
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