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convulsion (epilepsy) (causes (trauma such as birth injuries or a blow to…
convulsion (epilepsy)
causes
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hyperpyrexia, especially in children
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health education
the patient must understand that the treatment is for life and that medication must be taken faithfully if they wish to remain controlled.
the patient should be made aware of the sedative effects of most anticonvulsants, and that alcohol increase this effect.
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a balanced lifestyle of moderate exercise, rest, good diet and stress management mechanism may help to reduces the frequency of seizures.
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most traffic authorities will allow the epileptic individual to drive if they have been free of seizure for 2 years
drug therapy in epilepsy
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barbiturates: raise the threshold for neuronal impulse formation thereby preventing the spread of seizure impulse to the surrounding neurons.
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carbamazepine: reduces polysynaptic responses, and blocks the amplification of the seizure impulse
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types of epilepsy
petit mal epilepsy
this is characterised by a sudden and momentary blankness of expression, or facial or limb twitch
grand mal epilepsy
convulsion that follows a definite pattern, patient usually loses consciousness and passes from unconcious stage to deep sleep
partial seizure
do not involve the whole of the brain. the fit is localised and may starts in the hand and spread up the arm.
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pathophysiology
a spontaneous electrical discharge occurs from a group of neurons, refered to as a seizure focus.
epilepsy is a disorder of cerebral function, which may present with a variety of manifestations such as altered consciousness,abnormal motor activity, abnormal sensation or behaviour.
the seizure impulse spreads over the entire brain, and symptoms involve the whole body.
complication of epilepsy
repeated seizure in uncontrolled epilepsy may result in permanent damage to brain tissues, mostly as a result of hypoxia
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brain damage and/or death from exhaustion and hypoxia will occur if the convulsion are not controlled
management
therapy for epilepsy is primary pharmacological and consist of administrering prescribed anticonvullsant agent.
anti convulsants act in one of two ways: suppression of the dysfunctional neuronal discharge,
or prevention of the spread of the seizure discharge.
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subjective data
history of suizure, fainting episodes
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