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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Eudicots # (asterid clade (includes plants…
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Monocots
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perianth members="tepals"
orders
Alismatales
aquatic herbs and aquarium plants
air chambers for buoyancy
no transpiration
Liliales
petaloid monocots
presence of spots or lines on petals
Asparagales
carpels fuse to form septa
septal nectaries to secrete nectar
Dioscoreales
produce yams
Arecales
palms
Poales
include foods such as wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, rice and sugar cane
includes bamboo
includes some grass, cattails, and more
Zingiberales
large, showy flowers
familiar house plants
Commelinoid monocots
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have epicuticular wax
walls have hemicelluloses & ultra-violet fluorescent compounds
pollen and endosperm contain starch
Classification of flowering plants
two distinct lines of evolution
monocots
have on cotyledon on each embryo
leaves elongate w/ parallel veins
vascular bundles distributed throughout stem
never have ordinary secondary growth and wood
flower have parts arranged in groups or multiples of 3
eudicots
two cotyledons
reticulate venation in leaves
vascular bundles in only one ring around stem
flower parts typically occur in sets of 5 or 4
basal angiosperms
ancestors became reproductively isolated before distinctive traits originated
uniaperturate=pollen grains have single germination pore
Eudicots
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tricolpate=pollen grains have 3 germination pores
basal eudicots
Caryophyllales
include cacti, spinach, beets, and more
have water-soluble pigments called betalains
perisperm surrounds developing embryo
Santalales
most are parasitic
includes mistletoes
rosid clade
consist of several small orders & 2 large groups
two large clades= fabids (eurosids I) and malvids (eurosids II)
asterid clade
includes plants such as sunflowers, periwinkle, petunia & morning glory
sympetalous flowers
only a few stamens
stamens alternate with petals
have iridoid compounds
two orders= lamiids (euasterids I) and campanulids (euasterids II)
Angiosperms
division Magnoliophyta AKA Angiospermophyta
structures
carpels
fusion of carpels become pistil
edges of primordia sporophyll crowd and grow shut
sympetally=fusion of petals
zygomorphy=flowers are bilaterally symmetrical
double fertilization
hypothesis of the ranalean flower
magnolia-type flower thought to be relictual
generalized flower - has all parts
