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Chapter 16 & 17 (topoisomerase (primer (the initial nucleotide strand…
Chapter 16 & 17
topoisomerase
relieves the strain of twisting of the double helix by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
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DNA replication
its copied during the replication, and cells can repair their DNA
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transcription
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translation
the synthesis of a polypeptide, using information in the RNA
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origins of replication
Replication begins at particular sites, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication "bubble"
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gene expression
the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation
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triplet code
a series of nonoverlapping, three nucleotide words
template strand
one of the two DNA strands, provides a template for ordering the sequence of complementary nucleotides in an RNA transcript
semiconservative model
replication predicts that when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand
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codons
during translation, the mRNA base triplets, are read in the 5' 3' direction