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miscellaneous eye conditions (cataract (causes (Degenerative changes.,…
miscellaneous eye conditions
cataract
causes
Degenerative changes.
Genetic defects.
Foreign body injury.
Secondary effects.
drug or chemical toxocity
clinical manifestation/ signs and symptoms
Blurred vision.
Glare.
Halos.
Double vision.
pathophysiology
has variety of causes with
Lifestyle. Factors that increase the risk of cataracts are cigarette smoking, long-term use of corticosteroids, sunlight and ionizing radiation, diabetes, obesity, and eye injuries.
assessments and common findings
Snellen visual acuity test.
risk factors
Increased age
Diabetes
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
Excessive exposure to sunlight
medical management
Dilating drops.
Antibiotic drugs.
Intravenous sedation.
surgical management.
Lens replacement.
Phacoemulsification
nursing care plan
Providing preoperative care.
.
Providing postoperative care
Diabetic retinopathy
causes
Long term diabetes
Poor control of blood sugar levels
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Pregnancy
signs and symptoms
Spots or dark dstrings floating in your vision
Blurred vision
Fluctuating vision
Impaired color vision
Dark or empty areas in your vision
Vision loss
risk factors
type 1 and type 2 diabetics
assessments and common findings
Swelling in the retina
Blood in the retina
Fat deposits in the retina
Bleeding on the vitreous
pathophysiology
High levels of sugar causes a blockage in blood vessels that nourish the retina.
This cuts off the blood supply
Hence, the eye grows new blood vessels.
These blood vessels do not develop properly and they leak
medical/ surgical management
Focal laser treatment
Scatter laser treatment
Vitrectomy
nursing care plan
eye swabbing
diet rich in vitamins
remove extra furniture to make ward safer
hypertensive retinopathy
causes
high blood pressure, high cholesterol
risk factors
hypertensive patients
diets high in salt
medical management
Other vision-threatening conditions should also be aggressively controlled.
Hypertensive retinopathy is managed primarily by controlling hypertension
signs and symptoms
Symptoms usually do not develop until late in the disease and include blurred vision or visual field defects
pathophysiology
Acute BP elevation typically causes reversible vasoconstriction in retinal blood vessels, and hypertensive crisis may cause optic disk edema
More prolonged or severe hypertension leads to exudative vascular changes, a consequence of endothelial damage and necrosis.
nursing care plan
eye care
remove extra furniture to make ward safer
diet rich in vitamins