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Electoral Systems (Single Member Plurality (SMP) (Features (First past the…
Electoral Systems
Single Member Plurality (SMP)
Disadvantages
Small parties under represented
Votes wasted
Choice limited
Advantages
Strong and stable government
link between constituency and representative
Extreme views prevented from securing representation
Features
First past the post
Single member constituency
secure a plurality of the vote to win
UK & USA
Majoritarian
Party List System
Features
Candidates ranked in party list
Vote for Party not candidate
Candidates seats based on proportion of votes
Proportional
Israel
Advantages
few wasted votes
barrier to smaller parties
Likelihood of coalition governments
proportional representation is fair to all parties
Disadvantages
No link between constituency & Representative
weak and unstable government
power with party on candidate list positions
Unpopular candidates can not be removed from office
Single Transferable Vote (STV)
Features
rank candidates in order of preference
First preferences are counted
Proportional
Republic of Ireland
same number of candidates as the number seats to fill in a single constituency.
Advantages
select between party candidates
highly proportional representation
Disadvantages
More complicated to vote
single party government is unlikely
Second Ballot System
Features
Majoritarian
France
First Ballot
overall majority of the votes cast
Second Ballot
held between the leading 2 candidates.
If no overall winner in first ballot
Advantages
strong and stable government is possible.
Disadvantages
strain the voter’s patience and interest
Alternative Vote (AV) & Supplementary Vote (SV)
Features
AV
Australia
House of Representatives
rank candidates in order of preference
SV
London
Major Elections
there is a first and second choice only
Both
Majoritarian
winning candidate must win 50% of all votes
single member position
not a party or government
Advantages
fewer votes are wasted than in the SMP
Disadvantages
candidate could be an extremist party
Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) & Additional Member System (AMS)
Features
Proportional
Scotland & Wales
Cast 2 votes
Local representative
SMP format
National Party representative
Party list format
Advantages
Chose between parties
local different from national
Disadvantages
create clash in parties
local policies conflict with national