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Nonrenewable Energy and Nuclear Power - Fossil Fuels 7.1-7.2 (Nuclear…

- - - - Releases CO2 and other air pollutants when burned
      - Vulnerable to international supply interruptions
      - Environmental costs not included in price
      - Water pollution from oil spills and leaks
    - - Net energy is medium but decreasing
      - Low land disruption
      - Supply for several decades
      - Efficient distribution system
  - - - Oil is within bodies of shale rock, trapped between its layers.
        
        Disadvantages:
        
        Involve strip-winning
        
        Large energy input reducing its net energy
        
        Heat needed to remove impurities like sulfur and nitrogen
        
        Toxic rock waste, wastewater, and high water usage
    - - A mixture of clay, sand, water, and an organic material called bitumen/
        
        Disadvantages:
        
        Waster water from fracking
        
        vertical wells
        
        clear-cutting forests and strip-mining
        
        Steam is used to melt and extract bitumen
    - - Air pollutants, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and particles + 20% more CO2
      - Costly to produce + Low energy net
      - Severe land disruption.
      - Water pollution and high water use.
    - - Easily transported
      - Efficient distribution in place
      - Large potential supplies.