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Convulsive condition (Epilepsy (Risks factors (Age. The onset of epilepsy…
Convulsive condition
Epilepsy
Pathophyiology
Spontaneous electrical discharges occurs from a group of neurones called siezures focus, the siezure activity may include the entire brain and the symtoms or clinical presentation occurs depending on the position of the siezure focus.
Causes
Trauma and birth injuries
Brain tumours
Congenital defects of metabolism
Vascular lesions most in children
Acidosis, hypoxia and electrolytes imbalance
Infections such as the meningitis and encephalitis
Signs and symptoms
Fatigue
Temporary confusion
A staring spell
Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
Loss of consciousness or awareness
Psychic symptoms such as fear, anxiety
Risks factors
Age. The onset of epilepsy is most common in children and older adults, but the condition can occur at any age.
Family history. If you have a family history of epilepsy, you may be at an increased risk of developing a seizure disorder.
Head injuries. Head injuries are responsible for some cases of epilepsy. You can reduce your risk by wearing a seat belt while riding in a car and by wearing a helmet while bicycling, skiing, riding a motorcycle or engaging in other activities with a high risk of head injury.
Stroke and other vascular diseases. Stroke and other blood vessel (vascular) diseases can lead to brain damage that may trigger epilepsy. You can take a number of steps to reduce your risk of these diseases, including limiting your intake of alcohol and avoiding cigarettes, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly.
Dementia. Dementia can increase the risk of epilepsy in older adults.
Brain infections. Infections such as meningitis, which causes inflammation in your brain or spinal cord, can increase your risk.
Seizures in childhood. High fevers in childhood can sometimes be associated with seizures. Children who have seizures due to high fevers generally won't develop epilepsy. The risk of epilepsy increases if a child has a long seizure, another nervous system condition or a family history of epilepsy.
Complications
Falling. If you fall during a seizure, you can injure your head or break a bone.
Drowning. If you have epilepsy, you're 15 to 19 times more likely to drown while swimming or bathing than the rest of the population because of the possibility of having a seizure while in the water.
Car accidents. A seizure that causes either loss of awareness or control can be dangerous if you're driving a car or operating other equipment.
Many states have driver's license restrictions related to a driver's ability to control seizures and impose a minimum amount of time that a driver be seizure-free, ranging from months to years, before being allowed to drive.
Pregnancy complications. Seizures during pregnancy pose dangers to both mother and baby, and certain anti-epileptic medications increase the risk of birth defects. If you have epilepsy and you're considering becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor as you plan your pregnancy.
Most women with epilepsy can become pregnant and have healthy babies. You'll need to be carefully monitored throughout pregnancy, and medications may need to be adjusted. It's very important that you work with your doctor to plan your pregnancy.
Emotional health issues. People with epilepsy are more likely to have psychological problems, especially depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Problems may be a result of difficulties dealing with the condition itself as well as medication side effects.
Nursing Care plan
Risk for Trauma or Suffocation
Possible outcomes
Reduced risk for trauma and safe
Nursing interventions
Determine factors related to the individual situation, as listed in Risk Factors, and extent of risk.
Ascertain knowledge of various stimuli that may precipitate seizure activity.
Explore and expound seizure warning signs (if appropriate) and usual seizure pattern. Teach SO to determine and familiarize warning signs and how to care for the patient during and after seizure attack.
Use and pad side rails with the bed in lowest position, or place bed up against wall and pad floor if rails not available or appropriate.
Educate the patient not to smoke except while supervised.
Do not leave the patient during and after a seizure. Promotes safety measures.
Situational Low Self-Esteem
Possible outcomes
Restored self esteem
Nursing interventions
Explore feelings about diagnosis, the perception of threat to self. Encourage expression of feelings.
Discuss with patient current and past successes and strengths.
Determine individual situation related to low self-esteem in the present circumstances.
Talk over and explain referral for psychotherapy with the patient and SO.
Refer the patient to the social group or non organisational support
Deficient Knowledge
Possible outcome
Signs of well knowledgeable patient
Ascertain level of knowledge, including anticipatory needs.
Discuss the significance of maintaining good general health, (adequate diet, rest, moderate exercise, and avoidance of exhaustion, alcohol, caffeine, and stimulant drugs).
Encourage the patient to explore about the condition and answer fully the questions asked by the patient
Give a patient magazines about the condition and also explain more procedures done and all about the condition