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Drugs affecting the kidney and renal function. (Thiazide diuretics…
Drugs affecting the kidney and renal function.
Osmotic drugs.
Mechanism of action
Osmotic diuretics are filtered by the glomerulus.
This increase the osmotic pressure in the tubules.
This inhibits the passive reasorption of water from tubules.
Water passes into proximal tube, loop of Henle and collecting ducts.
These are sites of action of osmotic diuretics.
Some sodium is lost as well.
It's not enough to make osmotic diuretics useful in conditions associated with salt retention.
Osmotic diuretics must be pharmacological inert.
They must be freelyfilterable by glomerulus.
Must not be reabsorbed from tubules.
Indications.
Lower raised intracranial pressure.
Used in cardiovascular surgical procedures.
Reduction of high intraocular pressure.
Promotion of urinaryexcretion of toxic materials.
Nursing considerations.
side effects.
Headache.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Tachycardia
Rhinitis.
Fever.
Oedema.
Storage conditions.
Store in a cool dry place.
Do not refrigerate nor freeze.
Put away from moisture.
Away from light.
Route of administration.
Intravenous Injection.
Contra-indications.
Hypersensitivity to mannitol.
Progressive heart failure.
Severe dehydration.
Active intracranial bleeding.
Severe pulmonary congestion.
Thiazide diuretics
Mechanism of action
Interfere with reabsorption of salt and water
Bind and inhibit a sodium chloride pump
Less sodium chloride is absorbed is reabsorbed
Salt with accompanying water passes out of the tubules
Then causes a diuresis
Increased excretion of potassium by the kidney
Indications
Hypertention
Diabetes insipidus
Hyperruricemia
Mild cardiac failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Prevention of renal stone formation
Side effects
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Stomach upset
Loss of appetite
Headache
Itching
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
Severe kidnet failure
Hepatic encephalopathy
Severe liver failure
Low blood potassium level
Storage condition
Room temperature
Route of administration
Orally
Loop diuretics.
Mechanism of action.
Loop diuretics act on ascendinglimb of loop of Henle.
Which is impermeable to water.
Where more sodium chloride is reabsorbed into the body.
Loop diuretis are most poweful.
They are referred to as' high ceiling' diuretics.
They increase renal excretion of potassium.
Indications
Hypertension.
Acute treatment of hypercalcaemia.
Salt and water overdue.
Nursing considerations.
Contra- indications.
Hypersensitivity to furosemide.
Hypotesion.
Geriatric.
Thyroid disease.
Urethral sricture.
Side effect.
Hypokalaemia.
Sadium deplition.
Transient deafness.
Photosentitivity.
Storage conditions.
Away from light.
Away from moisture.
Do not freeze nor refrigerate.
Keep on room temperature.
Route of administration.
Oral.
Intravenous infusion.