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Jakarta: contemporary megacity experiencing rapid growth (Flooding (In…
Jakarta: contemporary megacity experiencing rapid growth
Traffic congestion
Lose US$3B/yr
Ave. travelling speed 8.4km/h
Largest city in the world without a metro
Construction of MRT
started in Sept 2015
Progress slow compared to other megacities
Ppl. who live in outskirts save 30% transportation
cost using motorcycles compared to public transport
474 new cars & 2946 motorcycles join traffic jams every day
Motorcycle ownership 1.62M in 2000
-> 13.8 million in 2014
Inadequate Infrastructure
Insufficient investment in industry
leave communities vulnerable to poverty
Only 48% of households
have access to safe water
compared to 50% 10 yrs ago
Sewerage coverage only exist in 11 of the country's 98 cities
Only 2% of city's residents have access to a centralised sanitation system
Housing & slums
26% of urban pop. live in slums
5M of slum dwellers in Greater Jakarta alone
Jakarta's rapid growth has meant a
sudden influx in rural-urban migration
of mostly poor residents
Caused problems
Land & housing scarcity
Scarcities increase so housing prices rise
Ppl. living in slums face many challenges
Lack of space
32% of slum houses have < 7 sq. m of space/person
Access to water
Only 35% have nearby access to piped water
Access to other infrastructure
e.g. healthcare, education, sanitation, electricity
Crime
while they have developed strong communities,
they are poorly policed & crime is often an issue
Legal status
Many slum areas are illegal
Can be demolished by govt. with no notice
Even when ppl. have developed homes
& communities after many yrs
Flooding
Lowland with 13 rivers
Urban sprawl means many
catchment areas, green areas
& wetlands now covered
in impermeable concrete or tarmac
Reducing lag times,
increasing flood risk & severity
Floods are expected occurrence between
rainy season & severe floods occur regularly
In 2007, flooding
affected 70% of Jakarta
57 ppl. killed
450 000 ppl. displaced fro their homes
In 2012 , flooding affected hundreds of homes
2430 ppl. displaced
In 2013, floods killed 13 ppl.
33,502 ppl. forced to leave their homes
In 2015, floods cost approx. US$224M
92% of city land area highly prone to flooding (2010 study by Environment Ministry
solutions include dredging urban waterways
Jakarta and water
Rising sea & land subsidence
causes floods
(where ground settles gradually or sinks suddenly)
Flooding from 13 rivers in the city coming from the mountains proves a larger problem due to the sedimentation
Ppl. living in slums pay 1/3 of daily spend on water, often contaminated
No proper sanitation & proper waste management
Giant seawalls planned to 'stop the ocean'
Air pollution
Causes
Industry
No. of cars on the road
Windless weather conditions
Pollutants and particulates emitted
and accumulate over the city
-ve effects on human health & environment
60% of Jakarta residents suffer from breathing problems from low air quality levels
increased pollution levels have been linked to an increase in heart attacks & pneumonia
3rd most polluted city in the world