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ANAESTHETIC DRUGS (LOCAL ANAESTHETIC DRUGS (BENZOCIANE benzz…

- - - - work by causing a temporary interruption in the production and conduction of nerve impulses
      - preventing the sodium ions from entering the nerve, they stop the nerve from depolarizing
      - Conduction velocity is slowed
    - - Infiltration anesthesia, peripheral and sympathetic nerve blocks
      - central nerve blocks
    - - Allergy to anesthetics and parabens.
      - Heart block
      - Shock.
      - Decreased plasma esterase.
      - Pregnancy, lactation.
    - - CNS: headache, restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, blurred vision
      - CV: peripheral vasodilation, myocardial depression, arrhythmias,BP changes.
      - Respiratory arrest
      - GI: nausea, vomiting
      - Loss of skin integrity, especially in patients who are unable to move.
    - - Topical
    - - Store in cool and dry place
      - keep it out of children
  - - - used on the skin to stop itching and pain from certain skin conditions
      - used to decrease discomfort or pain during certain medical procedures/exams
    - - Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that works by causing temporary numbness/loss of feeling in the skin and mucous membranes.
    - - Temporary redness, stinging, and a little bit of swelling may occur
      - slow/shallow breathing, slow/irregular heartbeat, seizures.
      - severe dizziness, trouble breathing.
    - - heart disease,.
      - broken skin/infection in the area where lidocaine is to be used
      - liver disease
      - Pregnant women
    - - Administration Topical
    - - store in cool and dry place
      - keep it away from children
- - - - Intravenously
      - per orally
    - - cardiac catheterization
      - skin grafts
      - orthopedic procedures
      - diagnostic procedures on the eye, ear, nose, and throat
      - minor surgical interventions, such as dental extractions
    - - drowsiness
      - hallucinations, confusion, and delirium
      - difficulty thinking or learning
      - nausea
      - involuntary muscle movements and muscle stiffness
      - slurred speech
      - amnesia
      - slow heart beat
    - - mechanism of action involves being an antagonist for the NMDA receptors that are found in nerve cells
      - receptors are involved in processing central nervous system input
      - Ketamine blocks this sensory input
    - - Store in cool and dry place
      - keep it away from children
    - - severe uncontrolled high blood pressure
      - suddenly serious symptoms of heart failure
      - Failure of the Heart to Maintain Adequate Circulation
      - decreased lung function
      - delirium
  - - - used in children before a procedure
      - decrease anxiety, and cause forgetfulness of the surgery or procedure.
    - - vomiting
      - nausea
      - dizziness
      - vision changes
      - mental/mood changes
    - - allergic to benzodiazepines
      - history of kidney disease, liver disease
      - breathing problems
    - - per orally
    - - a short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic, muscle relaxant,
      - increase the activity of GABA, thereby calming the patient, relaxing skeletal muscles,
    - - store in cool and dry place
      - keep away from children