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disorders of the outer ear (Perichondritis (causes (cauuses by infection…
disorders of the outer ear
Perichondritis
causes
cauuses by infection of the tissue covering the cartilage of the external part of the ear
Injuries, burns, insect bites, ear piercings through the cartilage, ear surgery, or a boil on the ear may cause perichondritis.
The infection also tends to occur in people who have inflammatory disorders, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Perichondritis is usually caused by an injury to the ear due to ear surgery and trauma to the side of the head
weak immune system and diabetis
pathophysiology
Perichondritis is inflammation of the perichondrium, a layer of connective tissue which surrounds cartilage
A common form, auricular perichondritis(perichondritis auriculae) involves infection of the pinna due to infection of traumatic or surgical wound or the spread of inflammation into depth
Injuries, burns, insect bites, ear piercings through the cartilage, ear surgery, or a boil on the ear may cause perichondritis.
clinical manifastations
A painful, swollen, red ear is the most common symptom
The redness usually surrounds an area of injury, such as a cut or scrape
There may also be fever
more severe cases, fluid will drain from the wound
management
Treatment consists of antibiotics, either by mouth or directly into the bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line
ntibiotics can be given for 10 days to several weeks.
The surgery is done to drain this fluid and remove any dead skin and cartilage.
If an abscess is present(collection of pus), doctors make an incision to drain the pus, allowing blood to reach the cartilage again
fluruncle
causes
Any type of bacteria or fungi can cause a furuncle. The most common bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus,
The bacterium causes an infection only if it enters your bloodstream through an open wound, such as a cut or a scratch
pathophysiology
A Furuncle is a painful infection of a hair follicle located in the ear canal. It is usually caused by staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Hearing loss may occur when a furuncle completely occludes the ear canal.
When the hair follicle becomes infected, the skin around it becomes inflamed. The furuncle looks like a red, raised bump on your skin and will rupture and weep fluid.
bacterium is in your blood, your immune system tries to fight it and the boil is actually the result of your white blood cells working to eliminate it.
clinical manifastations
furuncle may begin as a benign-looking bump on your skin, similar to a pimple
as the infection worsens, the boil can become hard and painfu
Bacteria and dead skin cells may build up under the skin, forming pus. Pressure builds, which may cause the furuncle to burst and release its fluids.
The pain is usually at its worst right before a furuncle ruptures and will most likely improve after it drains.
management
Treatment for stubborn furuncles generally includes steps to promote drainage and healing
Warm compresses can help speed the rupturing of a furuncle. Apply a warm, moist compress throughout the day to facilitate drainage.
Continue to apply warmth to provide both healing and pain relief after a boil has ruptured. Wash your hands and the boil site thoroughly and frequently with warm water and antibacterial soap to avoid spreading the staph bacteria to other areas of your body
antibiotics to clear the infection
External Otitis (Swimmer's Ear)
causes
An infection can also occur if the thin layer of skin that lines the ear canal is injured
Intense scratching, using headphones, or placing cotton swabs in your ear can damage this delicate skin
When this layer of skin becomes damaged and inflamed, it can provide a foothold for bacteria
pathophysiology
An outer ear infection is an infection of the outer opening of the ear and the ear canal, which connects the outside of the ear to the eardrum..”
he skin which lines the outer ear canal becomes red and swollen due to infection by bacteria (a germ or bug) or fungus. ... The outer ear canal is a short tunnel that runs from the ear hole to the eardrum inside the ear
clinical manifastation
Pain and tenderness in the ear canal.
The outer ear may be sensitive and sore,
even to the lightest touch or movement.
Itchiness.
Foul smelling yellow or green pus in the ear canal.
A high temperature (fever).
Reduced hearing.
Noises inside the ear, such as buzzing, humming
manangement
Doctors may also prescribe antibiotic drops mixed with steroids to reduce swelling in the ear canal. The ear drops are typically used several times a day for 7 to 10 days.
antifungal ear dropIf a fungus is the cause of the outer ear infections
To reduce symptoms, it’s important to keep water out of the ears while the infection is healing
Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to reduce pain
A swab (sterile cotton wool on a stick) may be taken of the
pus to test for bacteria or fung