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to what extent does media have an impact on self-esteem of adolescents?…
to what extent does media have an impact on self-esteem of adolescents?
Durkin, Paxton, Sorbello(2007) “Depression and low self-esteem have been consistently linked in social comparison research and low self-concept clarity has been strongly associated with lower levels of self-esteem”
Saw pictures of idealized women and body satisfaction was tested
Myers, Kliewer, & Kilmartin (2000) to examine age and gender patterns in self-esteem and to explore how contemporary social influences relate to adolescent self-esteem. Self- reported influences on self-esteem involving the media, sexual harassment,
Kim & Lennon (2007) This study examines whether the level of exposure to mass media is related to self-esteem, body image, and eating disorder tendencies in a nonexperimental setting based on Festinger's social comparison theory.
Clay, Vignoles, Dittmar (2005) In a study of 136 U.K. girls aged 11–16, experimental exposure to either ultra‐thin or average‐size magazine models lowered body satisfaction and, consequently, self‐esteem. Self‐esteem was also lower among older than among younger girls.
Dittmar, Halliwell, Ive (2006) Girls exposed to Barbie reported lower body esteem and greater desire for a thinner body shape than girls in the other exposure conditions.
Brown & Dittmar (2005) investigates two further factors not previously explored together: first, the level of attention at which women process thin images and, second, appearance schema activation as an underlying process that mediates the exposure–anxiety link.
Male Participants
Spurr, Berry, & Walker (2013)
Morrison & Halton (2009)
Wright, Halse, Levy (2016)
Facebook and Comparison
Blease (2015)
Schufreider (2015)
Lockwood and Kunda (1997) Relevant superstars provoke self-enhancement and inspiration when their success seems attainable but self-deflation when it seems unattainable
Zhan (2016)
Panek, Nardis & Konrath (2013) The theory on “uses and gratifications” was employed in order to understand how Facebook satisfies the needs of its Vietnamese users. An important component in this theory is the way in which Facebook allows posting of material related to the enhancement of the “self”, which has the potential to satisfy ego driven needs in the form of narcissism.
Valenzuela, Park and Kee(2008) Social Trust
Rae and Lonborg (2015) found that the relationship of quantity of Facebook use on psychological well-being was moderated by the motivation of the user. Quantity of Facebook use was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being among users that accessed Facebook for friendship purposes
Kalpidou, Costin & Morris (2011) The number of Facebook friends was negatively associated with emotional and academic adjustment among first-year students but positively related to social adjustment and attachment to institution among upper-class students.