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What is metaethics? (Origins of moral principles (Come from people we know…
What is metaethics?
Origins of moral principles
Come from people we know
Cause of belief
Particular not general
Contingent
Ultimate origin of anyone's moral principles
How people acquire their moral principles doesn't help
Line of acquiring knowledge
Uninteresting regress
Origin of belief is scientific
Offers justification
Objectively true or false, but not opinion
Doesn't distinguish between different psychological state
Three claims about the origin
Reason
Largely empirical
Similar to scientific beliefs
Rational intuition
Mathematical beliefs
A priori reasoning
Emotions or attitudes
Non - cognitive
Expressions of how we feel
How we want to act
Influenced by other people's emotions
Society
Regulates relationships
No truths about what society should have
Issues
Non cognitivists argue that moral judgements are motivating
Factual beliefs are not motivating
Moral views are not beliefs, but cognitive attitudes
Cognitive Response
Some beliefs are motivating
Moral beliefs are not motivating
Believe that murder is wrong
It 'is up to us' if murder is wrong
Non cognitivism faces the challenge of explaining a distinction between morality and personal taste
Moral nihilism?
Non cognitvism can argue it is a simpler theory
Simpler metaphysics
Simpler epistemology
Cognitivism needs to explain how moral claims can be objectively true or false
Philosophy of language
What do statements mean
Truth or falsity
Approval or disapproval
Metaphysics
Are ethical truths objective
Moral properties
Epistemology
Ethical truths
Moral reasoning
Distinction between cognitivism and non - cognitivism
Cognitivism
Expresses belief
Ethical language describes the world
Non - cognitivism
Non - cognitive mental state
Attitude or feeling
Approval or disapproval
Mental states and 'direction to fit'
Desires have a 'world to mind' direction of fit
Not true or false
Beliefs have 'mind to world' fit
Represent how the world is
Philosophy of mind
Hold a moral view
Asks about what morality is