malignant conditions

cancer of the lungs and bronchi

definition

it is defined as being a malignant growth or neoplasm in those structures

causes

carcinogens in smoking, inhaling another person smoke or passive smoking, environmental pollutants

pathophyiology

lung cancer gives rise to disease due to local tumour growth, invasion of adjacent structure, spread to the regional lymph nodes and distant spread

risk factors

family history of lung cancer, smoking, exposure to radon gas

sign and symptoms

cough and pneumonitis, haemoptysis, wheezing, stridor and dyspnea, lung abscess

health education

inform patient about programme available to help people to stop smoking, dangers o smoking and the benefits of stopping

malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma

mesothelioma

signs and symptoms

chest pain and dyspnoea, cough, bloating or nausea, loss of appetite or night sweating

pathophysiology

definition

causes

the airborne asbestos fibers are inhaled they can get into a person lungs and lodge into the pleura which cause inflammation and scarring

risk factors

personal history of asbestos exposure, family history of mesothelioma, radiation therapy to the chest,

health education

advise patient who work in asbestos industries to wear mask to prevent the inhalation of asbestos fibres

asbestos can efficiently move from the lung to the pleural space, concentrating in the parietal pleura at the site of lymphatic drainage

definition

is a primary tumour of the pleura

nursing management

cancer that most often found in soft tissue such as muscles and tendons

risk factors

pathophysiology

signs and symptoms

swelling over the bone or a bony part of the body and joint pain

genetic disorders, paget disease, bone marrow transplantation

radiation surgery, chemotherapy and radiation may be used to treat mesothelioma

cancerous malignant can grow and spread to other part of the body and destroy the cortex and spread to nearby tissue

nursing management

administer supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula, partial rebreathing

maintain good oral hygeine to stimulate appetite

causes

health education

nursing management

explain every procedure you perfom to the patient

monitor the side effects of the treatment

radiation surgery,chemotherapy,radiation may be used to treat this condition

administer antibiotics as prescribed to treat infection

educate the patient about important attending follow-ups

protective isolation is recommended

radiation,chemotheraphy, surgery may be used to treat this condition

assess type of pain,frequency and duration

administer analgesic as prescribed

causes linked to hereditary factors