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Congenital abnormalitiesof the eye (Exophthalmos (Causes (Thyroid eye…
Congenital abnormalitiesof the eye
Exophthalmos
Discription
Is the absence of one eye or both eyes both the human eye and the ocular tissue are missing from the orbit.
Pathophysiology
Is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory process of the orbital tissues, predominantly affecting the fat and the extra ocular muscles.
Causes
Thyroid eye disease.
Eye injury.
Orbital cellulitis.
Cancerous or non-cancerous tumor.
Signs and symptoms
Blindness if the optic nerve is compressed.
Eye irritation.
Sensitivity to light.
Pain in the eyes.
Risk factors
old age.
Diabetes.
Male gender.
Heavy smoking.
Nursing intervention
Antithyroid medications.
Surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid.
Radioactive iodine therapy.
Diagnostic studies
Examine the orbit.
CT scan.
Eye socket examination.
Microphthalmos
Discription
Is a severe developmental disorder of the eye in which one or both eyes are abnormally small and have anatomic malformations.
Pathophysiology
Altered proteoglycans in the vitreous, low intraocular pressure, abnormal growth factor production .
During post-natal ocular growth the decreased size of the optic cup.
Inadequate production of secondary vitreous.
causes
Infections such as rubella.
Exposure to substances that cause birth defects.
Shortage of certain vitamins during pregnancy.
Signs and symptoms
High forehead.
A flat and round face.
Abnormally small eyes.
Abnormally small head.
Risk factors
Radiation.
Infections such as rubella.
Teratogens.
Shortage of certain vitamins during pregnancy.
Nursing intervention
Sighten eye for protection.
Giving the visual prescribed glasses for refractive error.
Diagnostic studies
Special x-ray test.
Certain genetic testing.
Ultra sound.