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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS (EXAMPLES ( CENTRALLY ACTING) (Chlorzoxazone,…
SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS
DIRECT ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
INDICATIONS
Premenopausal women are at increased risk for hepatotoxicity in association with use of dantrolene.
Drugs can cause adverse effects such as drowsiness
Dantrolene is used to treat upper motor neuron spasticity in children.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Acts within skeletal muscle fibers
-interferes with calcium ion release from the muscle tubules.
Therefore, preventing the fibers from contracting.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Orally with a slow onset and a peak of 4-6 hrs.
Intravenously with a rapid onset
CONTRA-INDICATIONS
Pregnancy and lactation
People with respirtory depression
Women and patients older than age 35.
Cardiac disease people
Active hepatic disease
SIDE EFFECTS
Dantrolene can cause direct hepatocellular damage and potentially fatal hepatitis
Botulinom toxins are associated with anaphylactic reactions characterized by headache, dizziness, muscle pain, paralysis
CNS: drowsiness, fatigue, weakness, confusion, headache, insomnia, visual disturbances
GI irritation, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal cramps
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
INDICATIONS
Alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity,
-Relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions
used in spinal cord injuries or spinal cord diseases.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
inhibits monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal reflexes
involves the participation of upper or spinal interneurons.
CNS depressant.
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
Chlorzoxazone may turn urine into purple-red color.
Tizanidine has been associated with liver toxicity and hypotension in some patients.
CNS: depression, drowsiness, fatigue, weakness, confusion, headache, insomnia.
GI: nausea, dry mouth, anorexia, constipation.
GU: urinary frequency, enuresis, urinary urgency
STORAGE CONDITIONS
store in a fool dry place
store away from sunlight and moister
CONTA-INDICATIONS
Skeletal muscle spasms caused by rheumatic disorders.
Allergy to centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants.
History of epilepsy.
Cardiac dysfunction
Hepatic, renal dysfunction
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Oral
Intrathecal
EXAMPLES ( DIRECT ACTING )
Dantrolene
EXAMPLES ( CENTRALLY ACTING)
Chlorzoxazone
Tizanidine
Baclofen
Diazepam