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spinal cord disorders (nursing management (maintain respiration and…
spinal cord disorders
nursing management
maintain respiration and oxygenation ,including mechanical ventilation.
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maintain nutrition and hydration.enteral feeding should be instituted until the patient reflexes are strong enough to allow normal swallowing.
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maintain comfort, give analgesic when required.
give effective psychological support and constant reassurance during the acute phase of the illness.
spinal cord compression
treatment
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corticosteroid therapy ,depending according to serverity of the problem.
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causes
Include trauma,neoplasms, haematomas, absceses and herniation of one or more intervertebral discs.
myasthenia gravis
defination
myasthenia gravis is a disease of the neuromuscular junction, characterised by generalised and progressive muscular weakness.
causes
disease hes got autoimmune cause, but the specific participating causes are not well known.
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pathophysiology
antibodies are formed that attack and block acetylcholine recepters on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, impairing normal neurotransmission and causing musle weakness.
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clinical manifestations
progressive muscle weakness,parasthesia of the extremeties
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cranial nerve 9,10,3,12 involvement occurs causing difficulty in swallowing, chewing and talking.
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labile blood pressure, orthostatic hypotention and problems with bladder function because of urinary retention.
alternatingg tachycardia and bradycardia, but ventrivular ectopic beats are also common.
pathophysiology
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the specific pathological mechanism is demyelination of the peripheral nerves, which is thought to have an immunological irigin
it is due to the accion of antibodies, which causes disorganisation of the myelin sheath and destruct nerve conducion.
as the nerve re-myelinate, symptoms abate and most patients recover completely.
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management
restoration of neuromusculaar function and supportive therapy are two main principles of management.
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steroids and adrenocorticotropic hormone theraphy used to reduce immune activity and promote the remyelination of the peripheral nerves.
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Guillain-Bare syndrome
defination
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it is characterised by parasthesia, muscle weakness and paralysis.
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