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Anaesthetic drugs (General (Propofol (Nursing considerations…

- - - - Sedation
      - Help relax patient before and after surgery.
      - Induction of general anaesthesia.
        
        Patients >3 years
    - - Side effects
        
        Swelling of face.
        
        Difficult in breathing.
      - Contraindications
        
        Asthma
        
        Benzyl hypersensitivity
        
        Egg hypersensitivity
        
        Soya lecithin hypersensitivity
        
        Sulfite hypersensitivity
      - Storage
        
        Do not freeze.
        
        Store between 4 to 22 degrees celcius.
        
        Discard if it is cloudy or dicoulored.
      - Route of administration
        
        Intravenous
    - - Activates the gama-aminobutyric acid.
      - Inhibits the NMDA subtype of glutamate.
  - - - Starting and maintaining anaesthesia.
      - Sedation
      - Relieve pains.
    - - Side effects
        
        Drowsiness
        
        Numbness
        
        Slow heartbeat
        
        Behavioral changes
        
        Dilated pupil and changes in eye sight.
        
        Hllucinations
      - Route
        
        Intramuscular
      - Contraindications
        
        Stroke
        
        Eclampsia / pre eclampsia
        
        Brain trauma
        
        Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
      - Storage conditions
        
        2-8 degrees celcius.
    - - Induces sedation, immobility, amnesia and marked analgesia.
      - Selectively depress the thalamoneocotical system.
      - Binds to N- methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the central nervous system.
      - Activity on NMDA receptors may be responsible for analgesic and pychosis effect
- - - - Stimulate vascular- adrenergic receptors.
      - Causes vasoconstriction, thereby increases vascular resistance and blood pressure
      - Acts on both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors.
    - - increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.
    - - Contraindications
        
        None.
      - Side effects
        
        Anxiety
        
        Apprehensiveness
        
        Rrestlessness
        
        Sweating
        
        Headache
      - Storage conditions
        
        Discard if it is cloudy or dicoulored.
        
        Do not freeze.
        
        Discard if it is cloudy or dicoulored.
      - Route administration
        
        Intramuscular
        
        Intraveneous
  - - - Production of local anaesthesia for dental procedures.
      - Epidural or spinal block.
    - - Side effects
        
        Backache
        
        Nausea, vomiting
        
        Urinary retention
        
        Loss of perineal sensation and sexual function
        
        Drowsiness
        
        Depression
      - Contraindications
        
        Hypersensitivity to mepivacaine or amide anesthetics
        
        sensitivity to parabens
      - Storage conditions
        
        store at 20 to 25 degrees celcius.
      - Route of administration
        
        Subcutaneous
    - - Binds to specific voltage gated sodium ion channel in neuronal cell membranes.
      - This leads to a blockage of nerve impulse initiation and conduction.
      - Results in reversible loss of sensation.
- - - - counter muscarinic effects
      - hypersalivation
      - bronchial secretions
      - Treat sinus bradycardia or asystole.
    - - Increases the heart rate and improves the atrioventricular conduction
      - by blocking the parasympathetic influences on the heart
    - - Contraindications
        
        Pre-disposed to narrow angle glaucoma
        
        Hypersensitivity
        
        Prostatic enlargement
        
        Severe ulcerative colitis.
      - Side effects
        
        Ventricular fibrillation
        
        Blurred vision
        
        loss of balance
        
        dilated pupils
        
        dry mouth
      - Storage.
        
        Away from light.
        
        Closed container
        
        Away from freeze
      - Route of administration
        
        Intravenously.
        
        Intramuscular
  - - - Shortterm relief of the symptoms of anxiety.
      - Symptomatic relief of acute agitation and tremor
      - Adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm
      - Adjunctively in convulsive disorders.
    - - Exerts anxiolytic
      - Sedative
      - Musclerelaxant
      - Anticonvulsant and amnestic effects.
    - - Contraindications
        
        Hypersensitivity to diazepam
        
        Sleep apnea syndrome
        
        Severe respiratory insufficiency
      - Side effects
        
        Drowsiness
        
        Dizziness
        
        Fatigue
        
        Constipation
        
        Memory problems
        
        Gastrointestinal disturbances
      - Storage
        
        Store at room temperature.
        
        When drug storage temperatures exceed 30°C, more frequent stocking or refrigeration is required
        
        Dispense in tight, lightresistant containers as defined in USP/NF.
      - Route administration
        
        Oral
        
        Intravenous