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Intro: The History of Christianity (PAUL & EARLY CHURCH (Paul carried…
Intro: The History of Christianity
THE BIRTH OF JESUS
to the young virgin Mary through the Holy Spirit
in Bethlehem in the Holy Land (Palestine, now Israel)
told in Matthew and Luke in New Testament
believed to be fulfilment of prophesies in the Old Testament of a Messiah who would deliver the Jewish people from captivity
MINISTRY & DEATH
Ministry:
For last 3 years of his life he taught, healed and performed miracles. Had 12 disciples.
Persecution:
said he spoke with authority of God; persecuted for heresy and crucified.
Resurrection:
3 days after his death, his tomb was found empty. He appeared to many of his followers before he was taken to heaven after 40 days.
PAUL & EARLY CHURCH
Paul carried out missionary work to spread the new faith
account of Paul's conversion to Christianity in Acts of the Apostles, New Testament
Paul: Jesus' death & resurrection = end of need to live under Jewish Law
New faith accessible to everyone.
established Christian churches throughout Roman Empire in Europe and into Africa
ROMAN EMPIRE
Being Christian was illegal. Christians were persecuted and killed.
Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity & made it official religion of Roman Empire.
325 AD: Constantine calls First Council of Nicea to formulate + codify the faith
FORMULATING THE FAITH
Following several councils, the Council of Chalcedon 451 gave rise to the Nicene Creed, still recited in services today.
1054: Differences between Eastern and Western Christianity led to the GREAT SCHISM, a split into Roman Catholic and Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church does not recognise the authority of the Roman papacy (leadership of the Pope).
HISTORICAL JESUS
Historians largely agree that the person Jesus existed. Documents including the Bible and Qur'an (which describes him as a prophet) and some artefacts seem to point to this.
Whether Jesus was the son of God, however, is still largely disputed.
DENOMINATIONS
CHRISTIANITY
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
PROTESTANT CHURCHES (after Reformation, 16th century)
NON-CONFORMIST CHURCHES
e.g Methodist Church
e.g. Baptist Church
e.g. Quakers
STATE CHURCHES
ORTHODOX CHURCH (after Great Schism 1054)