Tropical Forest - located near equator or sub equator. can be wet or dry. usually hot. dominant plants are trees. dominant animals are mammals and can vary.

Desert - located 30 degrees latitude north and south and equator to poles. usually dry no rain. temperature can vary. dominant plants are cacti. dominant animals such as snakes scorpions and arthropods.

Savanna - located near equator and sub equator. rain averages 30 to 50 cm per year. dry 8 to 9 months. warm and seasonal. dominant plants fire adapted. forbs. small leaves. grass. dominant animals are zebra, lion , hyenas, grazing animals.

Chaparral - located mid latitude near coast. wet and dry seasons. hot summer cool winter seasonal. dominant plants are shrubs. dominant animals are deer rabbits birds.

Temperate Grassland - located 30 to 70 latitude. usually summer is wet. variation in climate. dominant plants grasses forbs and flowers. dominant animals herbivores bison and gazing animals.

Northern Coniferous Forest - located northern USA and Canada. not so wet can vary. temperature is cold. dominant trees are pine trees and conifores. Dominant animals are moose bears and birds

Temperate broad leaf forest - mid latitude. usually wet but can vary. temperature is temperate. dominant plants are deciduous trees. dominant animals are mammals birds and insects.

Tundra - located in polar mountain tops. dry and wet. temperature is cold. dominant plants are shrubs mosses small plants. dominant animals bears wolves and foxes.

lakes - standing bodies of water, light decreases causing stratification.. Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient poor and generally oxygen-rich; eutrophic lakes are nutrient-rich and often depleted of oxygen in the deepest zone in summer and if covered with ice in winter. They tend to have less surface area relative to their depth than eutrophic lakes.
dominant autotrophs - rooted and floating aquatic plants, phytoplankton, cyanobacteria.
dominat heterotrophs - zooplankton, fish

Wetlands -habitat that is inundated by water. both the water and the soils are periodically
low in dissolved oxygen. Wetlands have a high capacity to filter dissolved nutrients and chemical pollutants.
Basin wetlands, Riverine wetlands, fringe wetlands
Photosynthetic organisms pond lilies, cattails, sedges, bald cypress, mosses, black spruce.
Heterotrophs - invertebrates, birds, crustaceans and aquatic insect larvae muskrats, consume algae, detritus. dragonflies, otters, frogs, aligators. .

Streams and rivers - headwater streams are cold, clear, turbulent adn swift. downstream from rivers and is warmer.
The salt and nutrient content of streams and rivers increases from the headwaters to the mouth. Headwaters are generally rich in oxygen.
headwaters are often narrow, rocky shallow. downstreams are wide and meandering.
Photosynthetic organism phytoplanktn and rooted aquatic plants.
Heteroptrophs fishes and invertabrates

Estuaries - estuary is a transition area between river and sea. Salinity varies spatially within estuaries, from nearly that of fresh water to that of seawater. tidal channels, islands, natural levees, and mudflats.
Photosynthetic organisms Saltmarsh grasses and algae, including phytoplankton, are the major producers in estuaries.
heterotrophs worms, oysters, crabs, many fish and invertebrates.

Inter-tidal zones - intertidal zone is periodically submerged and exposed by the tides, twice daily on most marine shores.
Oxygen and nutrient levels are generally high and are renewed with each turn of the tides
The substrates of intertidal zones, which are generally either rocky or sandy
Photosynthetic organisms - marine algae seagass and algae
Heterotrophs sponges sea anemones echinoderms small fishes

Oceanic Pelagic Zone - oceanic pelagic zone is a vast realm of open blue water, constantly mixed by wind driven oceanic currents.
Oxygen levels are generally high. Nutrient concentrations are generally lower than in coastal waters.
This biome covers approximately 70% of Earth’s surface and has an average depth of nearly 4,000 m.
Photosynthetic Organisms phytoplankton, bacteria
Heterotrophs zooplankton, worms, corepods, portists, shrimp, sea turtles marine mammals

Coral Reefs - Coral reefs are formed largely from the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals
Corals require high oxygen levels and are excluded by high inputs of fresh water and nutrients
. A typical coral reef begins as a fringing reef on a young, high island, forming an offshore barrier reef later in the history of the island and becoming a coral atoll as the older island submerges
Photosynthetic organisms - algae, red and green algae
Heterotrophs - cnidarians fish and invertabrates

Marine Benthic Zone - marine benthic zone consists of the seafloor below the surface waters of the coastal, or neritic, zone and the offshore, pelagic zone
Except in areas of organic enrichment, oxygen is usually
present at sufficient concentrations to support diverse animal life.
rocky substrate on reefs, submarine mountains, and new oceanic crust
Autotrophs seaweeds, filamentous algae
Heterotrophs - invertabrates, arthropods echinoderms, fishes

genetically programmed. day 1 actions. born with. Ex. instincts. Baby grasping. snake playing dead

Behavior triggered by something for purpose. stimulated. ex. recognizing people, an egg next to a nest

the establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object. Imprinting can take place only during a specific time period in development, called the sensitive period. ex. ducks following mother

Making connections with things. associating. The ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste). ex. Pavlov training dog

Figuring things out by trying different things. ex. trial and error, after some try youll figure it out.

same stimuli over and over again, ignoring it. Ex. living by a train. overtime response changes.

Watching and mimicking. ex. squid watches other squid open bottle then copies the same action. Mirror neuron