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IMPAIRED CEREBRAL CIRCULATION (CEREBRAL THROMBOSIS (CLINICAL MANIFESTATION…
IMPAIRED CEREBRAL CIRCULATION
CEREBRAL THROMBOSIS
is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from a disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
numbness or weakness of face
confusion or change in mental status
dizziness
difficulty walking
sudden severe headache
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Decreased cerebral blood flow
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Loss of function
CAUSES
Large artery thrombosis
Small penetrating artery thrombosis
Cardiogenic emboli
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
Lumbar puncture
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
Skull x-ray
ECG and echocardiography
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Endotracheal Tube. There is a possibility of intubation to establish patent airway
Hemodynamic monitoring
Neurologic assessment to determine if the stroke is evolving
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Carotid endarterectomy
Hemicraniectomy
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Position to prevent contractures, relieve pressure
Apply splint at night to prevent flexion of the affected extremity
Prevent adduction of the affected shoulder with a pillow placed in the axilla
Elevate affected arm to prevent edema
Encourage personal hygiene activities
TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACKS
ccurs when part of the brain experiences a temporary lack of blood flow
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
dysphasia
dysarthria
vision changes
confusion
an altered level of consciousness
CAUSES
hypertension
athesclerosis
carotid artery diseases
high cholesterol
RISK FACTORS
high blood pressure
diabetes
high cholesterol
obesity
smoking
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
CT scan
Ultrasound
MIR scan
echocardiogram
chest xray
MEDICAL INTERVENTION
administer antiplatelet drugs
administer anticoagulant drugs
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
carotid endarterectomy
NURSING INTERVENTION
encourage patient to lose weight
health educate patient about health diet
exercise
encourage low fat diet
provide adequate rest
teach patient about how to control medical diseases e.g diabetes
CEREBRAL EMBOLISM
is a blood clot that originates somewhere else in the body, usually in the heart , that then travels to the brain
CAUSES
fat that enters the bloodstream after trauma
tumor cells caused by atrial myxoma
gas embolism
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Severe headaches
Blurry vision
Nausea.
Vomiting
Disability of speech..
Weakness
RISK FACTORS
Contraceptives or excessive use of estrogen
Dehydration
Ear, face or neck infection
Protein deficiencies
Cranial trauma or injury
Cranial trauma or injury
Obesity
Cancer
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Magnetic resonance venogram
CT scans
X-ray
MEDICAL INTERVENTION
anticoagulants
blood thinners, to help prevent blood clotting
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
thrombectomy
NURSING INTERVENTION
Encourage personal hygiene activities
provide adequate rest
Teach patient to maintain balance in a sitting position
Teach patient to maintain balance in a sitting position
encourage patient to lose weight