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anthelmintic drg (pyrantel (mechanism of action (a depolarizing…
anthelmintic drg
pyrantel
mechanism of action
a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that cause the release of acetylcholine and inhibit cholinesterase
results in a spastic paralysis of the worm and consequent expilsion from the host's intestnal tract
indication
pinworm
containdication
hypersensitivity to pyrantel or any of its components
side effect
occasional: nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, GI distress
storage condition
store at room temperature
route of administration
oral. shake suspension well before using
mebandazole
mechanism of action
a synthetic benzimidazole derivative that degrades parasite cytoplasmic microtubules and irreversibly blocks glucose uptake in helminthes and larvae.
vermicidal,. depletes glycogen, decrease ATP, causes helminth death
indication
for resistant infection. helminth ova continuing to appear in feces 3-4 weeks after initial course
trichuriasis,hook worm amnd pinworm
contraindication
hypersensitivity to mebendazole or any component of the formulation
side effect
occasion: nausea, vomiting, transient abdominal pain, diarrhea with massive infection and expulsion of helminthes
rare:fever
storage condition
store at room temperature protected from light and moisture
route of administration
oral. tablets may be crushed, swallowed or mixed with food
ivermectin
mechanism of action
selectively binds to chloride ion channels in invertebrate nerve/muscle cells, increasing permeability to chloride ions
causes paralysis/death of parasites
indication
strongyloidiasis, scabies, pediculosis
containdication
should not be used in women who are pregnant, in infants or childrens under 12 years
side effect
occasional: abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, drowsiness, edema, fever, unspecified rash, stevens-johnsons syndromes
rare: oerthostatic hypotension, loss of appetite, shaking or trembling
storage condition
store at room temprerature
route of administration
oral. take a single dose on an empty stomach 1 hour before breakfast
praziquantel
mechanism of action
an antihelmintic that increases cell permeability in susceptible helminths resulting in loss of intracellular calcium, massive contraction and paralysis of their musculature.
dislodge the dead and dying worms.
indication
schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis.
contraindication
ocular cysticercosis. use with rifampin
side effect
frequent: headache, dizziness, malaise, abdominal pain
occasional: anorexia, vomiting, severe cramping and abdomininal pain within 1 hour of administration
rare: urticaria, dizziness
storage condition
store at room temperature
route of administration
oral. QID apart