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Finance during Personal Rule (Ship money (Form of prerogative in times of…
Finance during Personal Rule
Ship money
Form of prerogative in times of emergency to support the navy
1624- levied on coastal towns and counties
1635- extended to Inland counties and collected annually
Raised an average of £200,000 per annum (3 subsidies)
Up until 1638 very little resistance
After Hampden's case of 1637 revenues from ship money fell- John Hampden taken to court for refusing to pay ship money - Charles won case but 5/12 judges decided against him
Reduced military costs
1629- Treaty of Suza- ended war with France with no conditions attached
1630- Treaty of Madrid- restored terms of the 1604 peace between the 2 countries- Spanish king agreed to press is Austrian cousin to return the Palatinate to Frederick as part of a general European pardon
Cut out his biggest item of expenditure so his finances could be spent on the country
Meant he played no part in the Thirty Years War which Puritans saw as deserting the Protestant cause
Continued to collect existing taxes, impositions and recusancy fines
Went on collecting custom duties
1635 enforced a new Book of Rates and income went up to £425,000 in 1639- still did not have parliamentary sanction
More more effort to collect recusancy fines and quadrupled revenue to over £25,000- alienated the Catholics
Old of Laws of Distraint of Knighthood Law, Forest Fines and Building regulation
Fined anyone holding land worth more than £40 per annum who had not been made a knight at the coronation- all those qualified supposed to come forward to be knighted at a new king's crowning- 1635- £170,000 had been raised this way- old law and had not been enforced in a long time
Charged people who had built within royal forests- didn't raise much and annoyed the wealthy- Earl of Salisbury paid £20,000 half of what was raised
Imposed fines for building outside the official boundaries of London or for illegal enclosures- seemed unfair, and a tax on population growth
Monopolies, ward ships and crown lands
Group of Catholics had a monopoly to sell soap and even held a public trial where washerwomen proved that popish soap washed whitest- crown gained £30,000 a year but in 1637 the grant was ended after many complaints that the claims made for the soap were not borne out in use- led to high prices
Made profits from wardships increasing income by a third to £75,000- exploiting estates held by children
Increased rents from crown lands and fined tenants whose claims to land were not well documented- annoyed landowners, traditional supporters of the crown