Why Personal Rule Ended/Unpopularity of Personal Rule
Finance
Court
Religion
Scotland
Ireland
Court of Charles very different to James'- believes court should represent hierarchy and majesty- should mirror personality of the King- court became remote with limited access to monarch
1633- The Shepards Paradise- Masque by Indigo Jones featuring Henrietta Maria and her court ladies with speaking parts for the first time
Prynne produced pamphlet in 1633 called Histriomastix- criticised women actors calling them 'notorious whores'- arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment and his ears be cut off
Ship money- form of prerogative in times of emergency to support the navy- collected annually until 1639 raising an average of £200,000 per annum- legality questioned as he wasn't at war
Hampden's Case 1638- John Hampden refused to pay ship money and taken to court- although Charles won case 5/12 were against him- became more difficult to collect and revenues fell
1635 enforced a new Book of Rates and income went up to £425,000 in 1639- still did not have parliamentary sanction
John Lilburne- distributed work of other Puritans- Brought before Star Chamber in 1638 and charged with printing unlicensed- punished extensively
Gentry disliked being told what to do by social inferiors, and were unhappy at being hauled before church courts which now dealt with cases involving 'adultery, whoredom, incest, drunkenness, swearing, ribaldry and usury
Lauds church seen as too close to Roman Catholicism- railing in the altar and the creation of a sacred space where only the clergy could go looked much like the mass
1641- rebellion of Irish Catholics broke out against English rule, caused in part by Wentworth's policies
Wentworth imposed his authority on the Irish council in Dublin by frightening his opponents into submission- 1634- he forced the Irish parliament to vote 6 subsidies for the King
Intimidated juries into returning former crown and church lands, he forced his greatest Protestant opponent in Ireland the Earl of Cork to restore alienated land to the church
1636- Introduced New Prayer Book to Scotland which was first used amidst protests in 1637- didn't consult Scottish parliament general assembly of the Scottish Kirk first
1638- General assembly of Kirk ban prayer book and abolish bishops
1640- Parliament met again after more than 11 years as Charles wanted money to fund the Bishops war
1639- First Bishops War began
1638- National Covenant- outlined reasons for opposing the King and denounced the Canon Laws and the Prayer Book
1640- had been forced to Agree to the Treaty of Ripon under which he had to pay the Scots £850 a day to cover the costs of their occupying army