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Halogenoalkanes (General information (CnH2n+1X (Halogenoalkanes contain an…
Halogenoalkanes
General information
CnH2n+1X
Halogenoalkanes contain an atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine bonded to the carbon skeleton of the molecule.
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Halogenoalkanes are saturated molecules so, like alkanes, their reactions involve substitution – that is the replacement of one atom by another atom or group
Unlike the alkanes, the halogenoalkanes possess a polar bond and this makes them more reactive.
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C-X bond
The polarity in halogenoalkanes is due to the fact that the halogen atom is more electronegative than carbon and so exerts a stronger pull on the shared electrons in the carbon–halogen bond
As a result, the halogen gains a partial negative charge and the carbon gains a partial positive charge and is said to be electron deficient. It is this electron-deficient carbon that defines much of the reactivity of the halogenoalkanes
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