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Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Concepts (angiosperm carpels…
Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
angiosperm carpels
closed carpel
develops into fruit
sporophyll edges crowded
double fertilization
universal in flowering plants
produces the endosperm nucleus
Magnoliophyta
Angiospermophyta
most advanced plants
division
primitively vesselless
ancestors lacked vessels
thought to be natural early group
secondarily vesselless
tracheid based
gymnosperm like wood
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features
sympetaly = petals fused
zygomorphy = bilateral symmetry in flowers
pistil = carpels fused
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
angiosperms are monophyletic
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ranalean flower
Magnolia type flower
generalized flower
relictual
gymnosperm ---> angiosperm
Lower Cretaceous Period
Jurrasic Period
Mesozoic Era
oldest wood = Aptian Epoch
still learning
Classification of Flowering Plants
very large group
two evolution lines
monocots
flowers of three
one cotyledon
leaves
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elongate
strap shaped
parallel veins
vascular bundles throughout stem
never have
ordinary secondary growth
wood
eudicots
two cotyledons
reticulate venation
very diverse
vascular bundles occur in ring
type
herbaceous
succlent
woody
flowers in sets of 5
basal angiosperms
previously classified monocots or dicots
early angiosperms
similarities with monocots and dicots
uniaperturate
Monocots
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Alismatales
swamps, marshes
no transcription
aquatic herbs
Family Araceae
tiny flowers
spadix
aroids
Liliales
spots or lines on petals
septal nectaries
11 families
not lily like
Commelinoid
Poales
wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn
wind pollinated
grass family
Zingiberales
pollinated by birds, insects or bats
large showy flowers
house plants
Arecales
usually solitary trunk
simple leaves
Palmae
Asparagales
septa = fused sides of carpels
septal nectaries = secrete nectar
very large
types
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epiphytic
terrestrial
subterranean parasite
Dioscoreales
yams
leaves
petiolate
reticulate venation
broad
one family
Eudicots
#
Basal Eudicots
Santalales
mistletoe
parasitic
sandalwood family
Caryophyllales
betalains = water soluble pigments
perisperm = nutritive tissue
anthocyanin pigments
Asterid Clade
lamiids = euasterids 1
campanulids = euasterids 2
irioid compounds
sunflowers
Rosid Clade
malvids = eurosids 2
pinnately compound leaves
fabids = eurosids 1
