Chapter 23: Seed Plants II: Angiosperms

Concepts

angiosperm carpels

double fertilization

Magnoliophyta

Angiospermophyta

most advanced plants

division

closed carpel

develops into fruit

sporophyll edges crowded

universal in flowering plants

produces the endosperm nucleus

primitively vesselless

ancestors lacked vessels

thought to be natural early group

secondarily vesselless

tracheid based

gymnosperm like wood #

features

sympetaly = petals fused

zygomorphy = bilateral symmetry in flowers

pistil = carpels fused

Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms

angiosperms are monophyletic #

ranalean flower

Magnolia type flower

generalized flower

relictual

gymnosperm ---> angiosperm

Lower Cretaceous Period

Jurrasic Period

Mesozoic Era

oldest wood = Aptian Epoch

still learning

Classification of Flowering Plants

very large group

two evolution lines

monocots

eudicots

flowers of three

one cotyledon

leaves #

elongate

strap shaped

parallel veins

vascular bundles throughout stem

never have

ordinary secondary growth

wood

two cotyledons

reticulate venation

very diverse

vascular bundles occur in ring

type

herbaceous

succlent

woody

flowers in sets of 5

basal angiosperms

previously classified monocots or dicots

early angiosperms

similarities with monocots and dicots

Monocots #

uniaperturate

Alismatales

Liliales

Commelinoid

Poales

Zingiberales

Arecales

Asparagales

Dioscoreales

swamps, marshes

no transcription

aquatic herbs

Family Araceae

tiny flowers

spadix

aroids

spots or lines on petals

septal nectaries

11 families

not lily like

septa = fused sides of carpels

septal nectaries = secrete nectar

very large

types #

epiphytic

terrestrial

subterranean parasite

yams

leaves

one family

petiolate

reticulate venation

broad

usually solitary trunk

simple leaves

Palmae

wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn

wind pollinated

grass family

pollinated by birds, insects or bats

large showy flowers

house plants

Eudicots #

Basal Eudicots

Asterid Clade

Rosid Clade

Santalales

Caryophyllales

betalains = water soluble pigments

perisperm = nutritive tissue

anthocyanin pigments

mistletoe

parasitic

malvids = eurosids 2

pinnately compound leaves

fabids = eurosids 1

lamiids = euasterids 1

campanulids = euasterids 2

irioid compounds

sunflowers

MistletoeInSilverBirch

sandalwood family

35371973190_9f936d286e_b

sunflowers

1197022-PPT_small