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Digestive/Urinary System (Nephron anatomy and physiology (The nephron uses…
Digestive/Urinary System
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Major organs
mouth
Food starts to move from the GI tract when you eat. The tongue pushes food into the throat after swallowing. The epiglottis fold over the windpipe to prevent from choking.
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stomach
The stomach muscles mix the food and the liquids then the stomach empties the contents into the small intestine.
small intestine
It mixes the digestive juices from the pancreas, intestine, liver and this liquid gets pushed for the digestion.
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liver
The liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Bile helps with the digestion of fats and vitamins bile ducts carry bile into the gallbladder for storage purposes.
pancreas
The pancreas makes a digestive juice that contains enzymes. The enzymes help with the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The pancreas delivers this liquid into the small intestine.
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digestive enzymes
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These enzymes are secreted by the various parts of our digestive system and they help breakdown food components such as proteins, carbohydrates , and fats
amylase: produced in the mouth it helps break down large brach molecules into smaller sugar molecules
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layers of the GI tract
Mucosa: underlying layer of loose connective tissue called the lamina propria and often contains mucosal glands.
Submucosa: loose connective tissue layer with larger blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and can contain mucous secreting glands.
muscularis propia: They are usually two layers: the inner layer is circular and the outer layer is longitudinal. These layers of smooth muscle are used for peristalsis, to move food down the gut.
Adentiva layer: the outermost layer of loose connective tissue, covered by the visceral peritoneum. Contains blood vessels, lymphatic, and nerves.
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macromolecules
carbohydrates
biological macromolecules that are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates are sugars
lipids
are macromolecules are made up of long chains of fatty acids or carbon rings. Important lipids include cholesterol,hormones, phospholipids.
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nuclei acids
Nucleic acids are dna and rna. They naked the proteins that are present in almost every function in our bodies. DNA has a twisted ladder form like and the RNA can travel through the cell.