digestive and urinary system

major functions

urinary

digestive

organs

urinary

digestive

digestive enzymes (functions)

location of digestion and absorption of every macromolecule

layer of GI tract

nephrone

physiology

anatomy

disorders

urinary

digestive

consists of organs that are involved in the breaking down to food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract and can be taken by the cells

from inner layer or lining to the exterior

mucosa,submucosa,muscularis or muscular layer,serosa

mucosa

produces mucus for reduction of friction and protection

submucosa

many elastic fibers to retain shape

two layer of smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation

it is a filter , eliminates the bad takes in the good , a kidney is bean shapes

kidneys- regulate you water volume, concentrations, and ph levels & influence your red blood cells production and blood pressure

3 layers: renal cortex-renal medulla(secrets urine)-renal pelvis(uriner to bladder)

gastrointestinal(GI) - also called alimentary canal or digestive tract

tube within a tube, open system (exposed to the exterior)

accessory organs

supply secretions such as enzymes,saliva.mucus,etc. aiding in the breakdown of food

alimentary canal

outer covering at the GI tract.

serous membrane

mouth-pharynx-superior esophagus-anal sphincter: voluntary muscle

submucosal plexus-autonomic nerve supply

glands and lymphatic vessels

composed of thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium

extends from mouth to anus

passage for foods

mouth

opening into to oral cavity

oral cavity are enclosed by the teeth and lips

mechanical digestion by the teeth by mastication(chewing)

mixing foods with saliva by the tongue to make bolus(ball of foods)

initiates of deducution(swallowing

pharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

involved in deglutition , forcing bolus from the mouth to esophagus

located posteriorly to mouth , passage for food

inferior to oropharynx

esophagus

callapsable tube runs from the pharynx to stomach, pass through diaphram

located posteriorly to the trachea

food transported by peristalis

no digestive function, only passage for food

stomach

located left of the abdominal cavity in the left hypochondriac region

food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter (prevents food or stomach acid enters esophagus)

ingestion

taking in of food through the mouth

propulsioand segmentation

peristalsis

forward movement and mixing of food down the GI tract

propulision by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles lining the alimentary canal

digestion

process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller pieces

mechanical digestion

physical breakdown of food by cutting and grinding

click to edit

chemical digestion

requires enzymes

absorption-transport of digestion end product into blood and lymph through the wall of GI tract

defection-elimination of indigesible substances from the body in the form of feces

kidneys

ureters

bladder

urethra

each pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, excreting urine

this organ filters waste products from the blood

regulate blood pressure

red cell production in the body

the organ in the lower body of a women or female mammal where offspring are conceived and in which they gestate before birth

nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth

a membraneous sac in humans and other animals in which urineis collected for excretion

stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled

urine is made in the kidneys and travel down to tubes called ureters

the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen

tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body

in males . it has the additional function of ejaculating semen when the man reaches an orgasm

when the penis is erect during sex,the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm

kidney

2 parts

the renal corpsule and tubules

tubules are split into the proximal tubule, the loop of henle , the distal tubule and the collecting ducts

cortex of the kidney

cup-shaped structure called bowman's capsule

surrounds a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus that carries blood from the renal arteriesinto the nephrone

where plasma is filtered through the capsule

gall bladder

liver

tongue

paratoid gland-sublingual gland

pancreas

hardest substance in body

functions to mechanically breaks down food into smaller pieces

enzymes- saliva

esophagus-- amylase,lysozyme and lingual lipase

produces bile

removal of drugs

stores bile and released into duodenum when needed

enzymes- amylases, proteases,lipases,and nucleas

produces saliva

it moistens food intoi bolus

produces digestive enzymes lipsae(digest fats)

pacreatic amylase and trypsin and chymotrypsin

regulates blood sugar

IBD

heart burn

gall stones

gastrictuis

apendicitis

interstitial cystis

kidney stones

blood cancer

cancer society

also called painful bladder syndrome

chronic bladder condition

commonly in women

causes bladder pressure and pain

protasis is swelling of the prostate gland