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digestive and urinary system (layers of the GI tract (including stomach);,…
digestive and urinary system
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule;
chemical digestion starts in the mouth and continues in the stomach, but most of the process occurs in the small in testine
absorption begins in the stomach and takes place in the walls of the small intestine
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems.
enlarged prostate- in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder
the bladder
bladder cancer
bladder diseases
interstitial cyctitis
kidney stones
ostomy
overactive bladder
urinalysis
urinary incontinence
major organs of the digestive and urinary systems;
major organs
salivary glands
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
accessory digestive organs
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
layers of the GI tract (including stomach);
mucosa
submucosa
muscular propia (externa) smooth muscle layer
serosa
stomach
functions
store food
initiate digestion of proteins
kill bacteria with the strong acidity (low pH of the gastric juice)
parts of the stomach
fundas
body
pyloric region (pyloric sphincter)
digestive
enzymes (including names and functions);
proteases
break down protein into small peptides and amino acids
lipases
break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
amylases
break down carbs like starch into simple sugars
Nephron anatomy and physiology;
nephron is made up of 2 major parts
renal capsule
tubule
each nephron consists of a blood supply and a specialized network of ducts called a tubule. for each nephron, an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed called the glomerulus to produce a fluid which is caught by the nephron tubule, called filtrate
the nephron uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine: reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous substances
the nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes. each nephron has a glomerulus to filter your blood and a tubule that returns needed substances to your blood and pulls out additional wastes
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems;
digestive system
absorption
propulsion and segmentation
forward movement and mixing of food down GI tract
peristalsis
propulsion by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles lining the alimentary canal
ingestion
the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.
digestion
the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body
defecation
elimination of the digestive substances
the discharge of feces from the body
urinary system
remove liquid waste from the blood in form of urine
produce erythropoietin
keep stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood