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Atomic Structure/Periodic table (Elements needed to know (Ne - Neon, Na -…
Atomic Structure/Periodic table
Atoms, elements and compounds
Elements
If a solid, liquid or gas is made up of only one type of atom it's called an element
Atoms
Neutron - neutral, same mass as proton
Proton - positive, same mass as neutron
Electron - negative, mass nearly nothing
Everything in the universe is made up of atoms
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist
Compounds
Are formed when two or more elements are chemically combined by sharing/giving electrons
They can only be separated back into elements using a chemical reaction
Rules of naming compounds
If two identical elements combine then the name doesn't change
When two elements join the end is usually
__
ide
When three or more elements combine and two are hydrogen and oxygen it is a hydroxide
When three or more elements combine and one of them is oxygen the ending is
__
ate
Mixtures - when two or more elements are mixed together but not chemically bonded
Elements needed to know
Ne - Neon
Na - Sodium
F - Fluorine
Mg - Magnesium
O - Oxygen
Al - Aluminium
N - Nitrogen
Si - Silicon
C - Carbon
P - Phosphorus
B - Boron
S - Sulphur
Be - Beryllium
Cl - Chlorine
Ar - Argon
He - Helium
K - Potassium
H - Hydrogen
Ca - Calcium
Li - Lithium
Periodic Table
Vertical columns = groups + how many electrons on outer shell
Horizontal rows = Periods + how many shells there are
Number on top is mass number - number of protons + neutrons
Number on bottom is atomic number - number of protons
Development of Atomic Structure theory
John Dalton proposed that all matter is made up of atoms
JJ Thomson discovered electrons and therefore proved that atoms can be made of smaller things
Ernest Rutherford showed that the atom was made of a small central nucleus with electrons orbiting it
Neils Bohr showed that these electrons orbit at specific distances from the atom
James Chadwick showed that there are neutrons in the nucleus as well as protons
Rutherford Scattering Experiment
Disproved the plum pudding model
Alpha particles shot through thin gold foil
1/8000 of particles were deflected by more than 90 degrees