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Digestive and Urinary System (Digestive enyzmes (Pancreatic amylase…
Digestive and Urinary System
Functions
Urinary
Produces, stores, eliminates urine the waste produced by the kidneys.
Digestive
Breaking down of food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract and can be taken up by the cells.
GI Tract
Muscularis Layer
2 layers of smooth muscles
Inner circular layer
Squeeze,decrease size of lumen
Outer longitudinal layer
Shortens intesine
Serosa
Outer covering of GI tract/produces serous fluid for lubrication
Submucosa
Areolar C.T containing major blood vessel/ autonomic nerve supply
Mucosa
Produces mucus for reduction of friction
Regions of stomach
Fundus
Dome shaped,filled with gas
Cardiac region
Near heart
Body
Main portion
Pylorus
Funnels shaped end
Pyloric sphincter
Controls food leaving stomach and entering small intestines.
Disorders
Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD)
A chronic disease complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
Peptic Ulcers
Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus.
Cholecystitis
An inflammation of the gall badder
Colorectal Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth of the colon.
Major Organs
Digestive
Esophagus
No digestive function, only passage for food
Pharynx
Involved in deglutition, forcing bolus from the mouth to esophagus
Stomach
Digestion/breakdown of protein begins/only absorption that occurs is water, alcohol, some vitamins , and aspirin
Mouth
Opening into the oral cavity
Mechanical
Teeth by mastication (Chewing)
Chemical
By saliva produced by salivary glands
Small intestines
Duodenum
First portion of sl attached to stomach,chemical digestion
Jejunum
Middle section, main site of nutrient absorption
Ileum
End portion, connected to cecum, some absorption
Site of nutrient absorption into the blood
Large intestine
Site of absorption of water and electrolytes, produces vitamins
Colon
Ascending,transverse,descending ,and sigmoid colon
Cecun
First region; attached to small intestine; site of appendix attachment
Rectum
Stores feces until it is defected
Anus
Elimates feces from rectum to exterior
Urinary
Ureters
Moves urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Stores urine
Kidneys
Filter waste products from the blood in the form of urine
Renal medulla
Tissues that secrete urine into tiny sac-like tubules
Renal cortex
Outer layer
Renal Pelvis
Inner; uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney
Urethra
Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
Accesory Organs
Salivary glands
3 pairs/produces saliva to moisten food
Teeth
Hardest substance in the body, functions to mechanically break down food
Gastric glands
Goblet cells:produce mucus/Chief Cells: produce pepsinogen
Intesinal glands
Secrete intestinal juice (mix of fluids)
Pancreas
Produces enzymes/regulates blood sugar
LIver
Storage for glycogen, fat soluble, vitamins, Iron/produces bile/removal of drugs
Gall bladder
Stores bile and released into the duodenum when needed
Digestive enyzmes
Pancreatic amylase
Carbohydrates
Chymotlypsin
Proteins
Lipase
Digest fats
Trypsin
Proteins
Amylase
Breaks apart starche
Pepsin
Produced in the stomach;helps break down proteins
Ribonucleases, Deoxyribonucleases
RNA/DNA
Digestion/Absorption
Protein
Breakdown in the stomach
Small intestines
Site of nutrient absorption
Fat
Breakdown in the small intestines
Large intestines
Site of absorption of water and electrolytes; produces vitmins
Carbohydrates
Stomach/small intesintines
Nephron Anatomy/Physiology
Physiology
Gromerular Filtration
Broke down bigger minerals such as proteins that exist through vasa recta
Tubular reabsorption
Reaborps stuff it can such as water
Tubular secretion
Transports waste that have made it to the blood
Anatomy
Renal Corpuscle
he site of the filtration of blood plasma
Renal tube
Contains the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus.After passing through the renal tubule, the filtrate continues to the collecting duct system