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Reasons for the breakdown between Charles and his parliament- 1625-29…
Reasons for the breakdown between Charles and his parliament- 1625-29
Foreign Policy
Charles expected a grant to pay for his plan to recover the Palatinate but gave parliament little idea about what his plans were
Cadiz Expedition in 1625- attack Spanish shipping- complete failure
French alliance did not prosper
Sending English troops to fight the French protestants was very unpopular
French made peace with Spain which led to Charles and Buckingham going to war with France- another failure and the third of the troops died
Parliament didn't like paying for an expensive foreign policy especially when it failed
Buckingham
Duke of Buckingham dominated the Council but the other members did not support him
Blamed for the Cadiz disaster as he was Lord Admiral
By 1626- Buckingham main problem for Charles as both the Houses of Parliament opposed him
Several of Buckingham's enemies such as Arundel and Bristol in the lords and Elliot and Digges in the commons had been arrested and parliament refused to do business until they were released
When the commons demanded that Buckingham be dismissed, Charles dissolved parliament
Buckingham led the army which went to France in 1626 and so was blamed for its failure
1628 session prorogued when Eliot again criticised Buckingham
Buckingham murdered in August 1628- Charles devastated while people rejoiced
Finance
1625 parliament asked to grant money before discussing grievances which annoyed them
1625 parliament gave Charles 2 subsidies but gave Charles tonnage and poundage for only a single year
1626- House of Commons determined not to grant supplies until their concerns had been met
To get supplies Charles raised a forced loan and imprisoned those who refused to pay
1628- Commons refused to grant money without redress and complained that Charles was still collecting tonnage and poundage, which was illegal
Parliament drew up Petition of Right which stated the crown could not collect taxes or loans without the consent of parliament- Charles had no option but to accept Petition but he went on collecting custom duties without the sanction of parliament
Five Knights case- 1627- five knights refused to pay forced loans- taken to court- appealed for habeas corpus- and Charles won
Religion
1625 parliament- complained that Charles was not enforcing the Penal Laws strongly enough and attacked Richard Montagu's sermons- Arminian and royal chaplain- Charles dissolved them
By 1626- Charles taken stronger line against Catholics and sent many of his wife's Catholic household back to France
The promotion of William Laud, a prominent Arminian, caused disquiet and so did the clergymen who preached that the forced loan should be paid in obedience to the King
By 1629- Charles had been able to appoint more Arminian bishops and one of the Three Propositions passed in the Commons in March claimed that it was treasonable to bring in innovations to religion