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Presidential vs Parliamentary (China (Seth) (Levels of the Controlling CCP…

- - - - Lazaro Cardenas stabilized and radicalized Mexican Politics
        
        He included the peasants' needs, but his system was still an example of state corporatism with the president determining who represents different groups to the government
      - Sexenio: The President has 1 term that lasts for 6 years
        
        Gives immense power to one individual allowing them to control all parts of the government
        
        Pendulum Theory: Shifts of policy between new president every 6 years (Socialist reform to free-market economic development and back again with Cardenas and Aleman)
        
        Powers: Foreign and domestic policy; cabinet appointments; appointment, with approval of the Senate, of judges of the Supreme Court
        
        Practically has the power of a dictator
        
        Head of State and Head of Government
        
        http://countrystudies.us/mexico/82.htm
        
        Andrés Manuel López Obrador
        
        Political Parties:
        PRD - Left of center alternative to the market-centered policies set by PRI
        PRI - Main party that was in power
        PAN - Oldest opposition of PRI, Right of PRI, Advocates regional autonomy, less government intervention in the economy
      - Chosen: National popular election (no constitutional requirement that a candidate must win a majority of votes to win)
      - PRI held power for most of 20th century which created a one party system until they lost to the opposition in 2000
        
        Patron-Client System: Party traditionally gets its support from rural areas where the patron-client system is still in control.
        
        Corporatist Structure: Interest Groups are woven into the structure of the party, but these groups are carefully selected and controlled.
- - - - Russia holds presidential elections, with the candidates' party not having to have a majority in the Duma, however United Russia party and its candidates have long been in control
        
        However, the Prime Minister is always the leader of the majority party (like in the UK) but is often chosen by the president for their technical expertise or loyalty to the president
      - PRESIDENT PUTIN :fire: Current president of Russia
      - Constitution of 1993 created a president, prime minister, the Duma, and a Constitutional Court
      - Presidential elections follow a two-round model, with the winning candidate required to receive more than 50% of the vote. Russian voters directly elect the president every 6 years
      - The president enjoys many powers, including appointing the prime minister and cabinet, ability to issue decrees without the Duma's approval, and ability to dissolve the Duma
        
        This clearly shows that the executive and legislative branches in Russia are fiercely separate, with the president dominating the Duma and preventing the body from having any legitimate checks on power
    - - The General Secretary assumed full power as dictator of the country. Neither the General Secretary nor the Central Committee were elected by the people
      - Govt officials belonged to the Central Committee, which was headed by the Politburo, which in turn was headed by the General Secretary
        
        Therefore, the General Secretary and Politburo were technically a part of the legislative body, the Central Committee
- - - - Premier: the premier is the head of government, formally appointed by the president, but the position is always held by a member of the Standing Committee; currently Li Keqiang who directs the State Council composed of ministers who direct the commissions of the bureaucracy
- - - - Muhammadu Buhari is the current president of nigeria holding office since 2015
  - - - The head of government was the prime minister
        
        In 1966 the sitting and inaugural prime minister Abubakar tafawa Balewa was assassinated and this led to the abolishment of the position making Nigeria a presidential republic when not under military rule.
      - Originally the head of State was Queen Elizabeth II
        
        In 1963 Nigeria ended their commonwealth status with the UK and became a republic giving the head of state position to the president
- - - - The Judiciary defers to the authority of Parliament under Parliamentary Sovereignty
        
        Great Britain uses a plurality voting system to elect members of Parliament and the leader of the majority party is chosen as the Prime minister
        
        Decisions are final and are made by the Prime minister and cabinet who lead the majority party in Parliament-LASPO was legislation that removed access to justice by cutting legal aid to many.
        
        Current Head of Government:Theresa May; Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth
    - - The executive branch is fused with the legislative branch because the prime minister and the cabinet are the leaders of parliament. Separation of powers does not exist and the judicial branch lacks the power of judicial review.
        
        Citizens vote for legislative representatives, who in turn select the leaders of the executive branch.
        
        There is a separation in the executive branch between a head of state (Monarch) and a head of government (Prime Minister)
        
        The principle of parliamentary sovereignty governs decision-making:Parliament's decisions are final