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CH22 Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers (“Gymnosperms”) (Division…

- - - - axillary bud is
        
        microscopic
        
        and its megasporophylls are fused
  - - - deep into the
        
        megagametophyte
  - - - bears micosporophylls
  - - - that produces
        
        long needle leaves
        
        the leaves have xeromorphic characters
        
        thick cuticle
        
        sunken stomata
        
        cylindrical shape
  - - - occur on long shoots
- - - - progymnosperm was
        
        Archaeopteris
        
        in order Archaeopterides
  - - - of extinct plants on fossils
    - - a hole in the integument
        
        that permits sperm cells to swim to the egg
        
        after the megaspore
        
        had developed into
        
        magagametophyte and
        
        produced eggs
    - - surrounds
        
        magasporangium with a layer of tissue
    - - a holding area
      - microspores settled
  - - - conifers
      - cycads #
      - other gymnosperms
- - - - ferns or young palm trees
    - - with pinnately compound leaves
- - - - gnetum
        
        30 species
      - ephedra
        
        40 species
      - welwitschia mirabilis
        
        only species in genus
- - - - upper Devonian period
- - - - bidirectionally
      - symmetrical
  - - - are
        
        Spermatophytes
  - - - which is
        
        ovules located on flat sporophylls
  - - - woody plants
  - - - that form tube like
        
        closed structures