Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Electoral Systems: rules that decide how votes are cast, couted, and…
Electoral Systems: rules that decide how votes are cast, couted, and translated into seats in a legislature.
Mexico
Mexico uses a mixed system, using different versions of this in its senate, chamber of deputies, and executive elections.
The senate has 128 members. Each of the 32 states elects 3 senators, two of which are majority party members and one of which is a member of the second place party. The other 32 seats are awarded based off of a nationwide proportional election.
President of Mexico is elected by national popular elections for 6 year term. Presidents are limited to one term only, and there is no requirement that a candidate must win a majority of votes, more than the other candidates is enough.
The chamber of deputies has 500 members, 300 of which are chosen by single member district elections, while the other 200 are chosen by a PR system in 5 regional districts. No party may have more than 300 seats.
-
-
Senate: 128 members , two in each of the 32 states are elected by plurality, one additional seat per state is given to the first minority party, and the remaining seats are elected by national proportional election.
Chamber of Deputies: 500 members, 300 elected in SMD elections, 200 elected proportionally.
State/Provincial Executives: 31 governors and 1 federal district mayor, elected by plurality system for single term of six years.
Nigeria
In 1983, a palace coup established a military dictatorship where leadership was essentially determined on charisma and power
1999: New constitution of 4th republic established a new electoral system where leaders were directly elected through a plurality system
The SENATE has 109 senators, three from each of 36 states and one from the federal capital territory. They are elected directly by popular vote and has an equal representation model so some senators represent much smaller populations than others do.
-
For the presidency, Nigeria requires an outright majority in order to win the election. A president must receive at least 25% of all the votes cast in 2/3 of the states. These specific requirements are put in place so that a purely regional candidate cannot win and to make sure that the winner of the election can unify the nation.
NIGERIA 2019 ELECTION: Muhammadu Buhari won with an outright majority of 55.6% and had carried 19 states.
Atiku Abubaker claims election was a fraud and not fair. He has recently challenged the election results in court.
Elections is not outrightly accused of corruption, however, the election was characterized with record low voter turnout. This raises suspicion of voter suppression and voter buying.
The 360 members of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are elected from single member districts by plurality votes. No run-offs take place for these seats. The result in the House is regional representation.
APC: 188 seats PDP:157 seats Other Parties: 15 seats
UK
The UK uses the First-Past-the-Post system, also known as the plurality system, which means individual candidates run in single-member districts, where voters cast votes for individual candidates. The candidate who receives the most votes wins the seat. This typically results in fewer parties.
THe House of Commons is the elected house in the UK, with 650 members elected in single-member districts.
The PM is selected by the dominant party in the house, and they select cabinet members.
[https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/voting-systems/]
The alternative voting system is used to elect chairs of committees as well as the Lord Speaker position in the House of Commons.
The supplementary voting system is used to elect the Mayor of London and other elected mayors of England and Wales.
An additional member system is used to elect members of the Scottish Parliament as well as the London Assembly and the National Assembly of Wales.
The Alternative Voting System is one in which voters rank candidates in order of preference, and the candidate with the most preferred votes wins.
The Supplementary Voting System is one in which the voters rank candidates by order of preference, and if no single candidate wins the majority of first preference votes, then all but the top two candidates are eliminated.
The Additional Member System is one in which voters are given two votes, one of which is for a party and one is for an individual. The individual votes are used for a FPP vote and the party vote is used in a proportional vote.
Russia
Before Gorbachev's reforms, Russian elections had close to 100% voter turnout and were not competitive because the Communist leaders hand picked candidates
-
Kremlin is an important political location because it has the power to control who can run for president and indirectly guide campaigns
-
-
-
Iran
ASSEMBLY OF RELIGIOUS EXPERTS: 86 member body charged with general power of constitutional interpretation, directly elected by the people every four years
-
PRESIDENT: head of gov't, directly elected by people every four years
Rouhani currently serving second term, after winning 2017 election with 57% of vote
president must receive majority of votes in election, if no candidate receives majority, run off election between top two candidates takes place
-
-