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Patron Client Relations (Nigeria (The Interventionist State (State…
Patron Client Relations
Nigeria
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Prebendalism
Patron-Clientelism
Political leaders build loyalty among lesser elites by granting them favors that are denied to others. This practice invites corruption and usually hurts the larger society because only a few benefit. Patrons are generally linked to clients by ethnicity and religion.
Unlike, most other countries, the clients in Nigeria are almost exclusively from their own ethnic or religious group.
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Russian Federation
State Corporatism
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The Russian government has established vast, state owned holding companies in automobile and aircraft manufacturing,
nuclear power, diamonds, and other industries
Insider Privatization
Either government-controlled companies,
or companies run by men seen as loyal to Mr. Putin are beneficiaries
State Owned Company: Vneshtorgbank Chairman: Andrei Kostin (close friend of Putin and on the board of Rosneft) Benefits: International investments; funding for power generation
Reflects Russia’s patron-client system, where individuals in power give favors to subordinates, in return for political support
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The Mafia
They thrive on payoffs from business, money laundering, and deals that they make with Russian government officials
They control business, resources, and banks
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United Kingdom
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They weakened under Margaret Thatcher as PM and since the coalition gov. of conservatives and liberal democrats was formed in May 2010, a number of Quangos had been abolished under conservative plans to reduce the overall budget defecit
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Iran
Iran is a rentier state, which means it pays its bills by the sale of oil rather than through taxation. This gives the regime a significant degree of autonomy from society and immunizes it from societal pressure. This system also fuels an extensive patron-client network that allows the regime to buy the allegiance of millions of people whose livelihood is tied to its survival.
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Clientelism in Iran is linked to Shiism, as well as to a rentier state, and to the revolution, which resulted in many autonomous groups formed
Clientelist relationship in our constituencies has cyclical nature; it begins by an electoral campaign and continues throughout the tenure of membership of the patron in the parliament.
A representative /patron utilizes
his/her power in Centre(Tehran), to appoint his/her favorite persons as the head of local branches of administrative organizations(as local branches of universities, state-run banking network, health services network etc).
In the absence of political parties and economic transparency, in provincial Iran or at least in the constituencies we studied, clientelist relations between voters and elected members of parliament take place.
Clientelism: a social order that depends upon relations of patronage; in particular, a political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations.
These “patron-appointed” heads, rectors... act as the agents of patron and try to coordinate his/her decisions with the “directives” of the patron
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Any member of parliament, according to the constitution of Iran, is equipped with many powers (Articles 88-89) and the possible influence of every representative becomes greater with his/her membership history, profession and literacy, character and network of connections.
