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Corruption (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (The…
Corruption
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Russian Federation
Oligarchy
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Russian oligarchs (see the related term "New Russians") are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth during the era of Russian privatization in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. The failing Soviet state left the ownership of state assets contested, which allowed for informal deals with former USSR officials (mostly in Russia and Ukraine) as a means to acquire state property. Historian Edward L. Keenan has drawn a comparison between the current Russian phenomenon of oligarchs and the system of powerful boyars which emerged in late-Medieval Muscovy and other Russian Princly States
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Doping Scandal
It was announced on 8 February that the International Paralympic Committee would now reinstate Russia by 15 March after they were suspended in July 2016. They stated that 69 of the 70 reinstatement criteria had been met with the last criteria being to accept the findings of the McLaren report Meanwhile, Russia's ban in athletics was upheld by the IAAF 'until further notice' stating that there were two outstanding issues that needed to be resolved
On 19 March, France issued arrest warrants for two former Russian athletics officials as part of an investigation into a doping cover-up. The former head of Russian athletics Valentin Balakhnichev and the ex coach of the Russian athletics team Alexei Melnikov, who were both banned from the sport for life in 2016, were targeted
The Russian Prosecutor General Office reported that of the persons convicted for corruption in 2017, the number of law enforcement functionaries and parliamentarians (nearly 2,200 persons) constituted over 11%
Republic of Mexico
Organized Crime: Drug trafficking has spawned widespread corruption within the Mexican government, so that officials have often been bribed to look the other way or even actively participate in the trade.
Government has had little success in combating the rampant corruption and violence. In early 2005, the government had to stage a raid on its own maximum security prison in an effort to regain control of the prison from drug lords who seized power.
Camarillas: Patron-client networks are the glue that has held agrarian Mexico together. This network of cliques extends from the political elites to vote-mobilizing organizations throughout the country.
In 2012, Walmart paid local government and public officials $24 million in bribes for permits and zoning approvals to build new stores. In addition, Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), the state-owned oil and gas company, signed and paid problematic contracts in exchange for $11.7 billion from 2003 to 2012
In 2016, Manilo Fabio Beltrones siphoned millions of dollars in public money, to fund his political party's campaigns. Witnesses claim Beltrones proposed and spearheaded the plan.
Mexico is the most dangerous places for journalists. On May 2017, award-winning journalist Javier Valdez was shot in broad daylight, with no witnesses willing to come forward.
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Islamic Republic of Iran
Corruption is incredibly rampant in Iran, and both the secular and religious leaders seek to reduce it. Most of the corruption stems from the shaky democratic institutions as well as the oil magnates and CEOs.
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The Iranian government has taken measures to reduce corruption, both on the national and local level. So far, it seems to have not worked
Many Iranian citizens are convinced that the economic woes of the country are a byproduct of corruption and mismanagement.
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The revolutionaries of 1979 used the corruption of the previous regime as reasons to rebel. They vowed to destroy corruption, but it seems they have yet to.
Republic of Nigeria
“Prebendalism,” or patron-clientelism, is a term borrowed from Max Weber’s concept of an extremely personalized system of rule in which public offices are treated as personal fiefdoms.
Elections of 1999 and 2003 put a former military general, Obasanjo, back in power. These two elections were characterized by ballot box theft and stuffing.
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This shows that only a third of Nigerians usually have confidence in the honesty of elections. This points to the fact that Nigerian's corruption damages its legitimacy.
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Ethnicities become major basis for conflict and contribute to istitutionalism of corruption among political elite.This was made worse by Babangida and Abacha.
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Hausa
Jos Riots: This is an example of how ethno religious cleavages between Christians and Muslims can quickly erupt into tragic conflict that points to the corruption in government. For example, victims of the riots claimed the government lied (underestimated) the death count in order to make the country look better.
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The above map shows the distribution of ethnicities in Nigeria which provide potential for ethno-regional cleavages. This shows that the huge number of different cultures have vast potential for corruption, because leaders want to serve their own ethnic and religious interests.
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