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Electoral Systems (Iran (Iranian people elect the president,the Majlis…
Electoral Systems
Iran
Iranian people elect the president,the Majlis (legislature), the Assembly of Experts, and City/Village Council representatives.
The Majlis has 290 members, elected for four-year terms in both multi- and single-seat districts.
City and Village Councils elect mayors and supervise administrative tasks and national coordination of top-level directives.
Assembly of Experts elects the supreme leader and in theory it can also remove him, however this has never happened.
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Mixed bag of theocracy and parliamentary democracy elements. Majlis elected and elections are competitive, but...
... Real power lies with the Guardian Council, which is appointed by the Supreme Leader to make and screen policies from the Majlis. So really, voting doesn't have as much power as in a purely democratic system.
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Iran's people elect officials that vary between conservative and reformist. Conservatives usually win out in controversies because of their monopoly on power in the Guardian and Expediency Councils.
Overall, Iran is a complicated web of institutions that come together to combine theocracy and democracy in a way that doesn't /really/ make it a dictatorship but doesn't /really/ make it a democracy, either.
United Kingdom
The house of commons is elected using single member districts using a first past the post electoral system.
Single member districts means that a region only sends one representative to the legislature and in theory this representative is meant to represent that region.
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The electoral system leads to there being two major parties. This is becasue with there being no need to have a majority people vote only for the party they think will win and is the most similar to their ideas.
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Mexico (Ben)
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Legislature
Members of Congress are elected through a dual system of first past the post and proportional representation.
Proportional representation was increased in a major reform law in 1986, a change that gave power to political parties that have challed PRI's control.
Each of Mexico's 31 states elects three senators. Two are determined by plurality vote, and the third is determined by whichever party receives the second highest number of votes.
Thirty-two Senate seats are determined nationally through a system of proportional representation that divides the seats according to the number of votes cast for each party.
In the lower house(the Chamber of Deputies), 300 seats are determined by plurality within single-member districts, and 200 seats are chosen by proportional representation.
Judicial
Federal
Appointed by president, lower court justices are appointed by the supreme court justice.
Nigeria
Legislature
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There are two houses in the Nigerian Legislature, a lower House of Representatives and an upper Senate
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Senate consists of 109 members, 3 from each of the 36 states and one from the federal capital district.
President
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There is a presidential election every 4 years and they are elected with universal suffrage, and the candidate must get at least 25% of the vote in 2/3 states.
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Russia
Legislature
Russian Legislature consists of an upper and a lower house, the State Duma and the Federation Council.
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The State Duma is elected with a proportional system where parties only qualify for seats if they get 7% of the total votes.
The Federation Council consists of 170 members, 2 appointed from each of the 85 federal subjects of Russia
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Executive
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Presidential Elections occur once every 6 (used to be 4) years, and feature a first past the post election with a runoff if necessary.
Political Parties with representation in the Duma can pick a candidate for president, but independent candidates need 300,000 signatures in order to run.
Elections are on the second sunday of the month six years after the last election. If any candidate gets 50% of the vote then they are elected president, but if no one does then there is a runoff between the top two candidates two weeks later.
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China (Nehali)
Politburo Standing Committee
Secretariat
- 6 members
- answers to Politburo Standing Committee
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Composed of One Department Head Each From
- Organization Department
- Propaganda Department
- United Front Work Department
- General Office
- Policy Research Office
- International Liaison Department
All these departments answer to the Secretariat
Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
- 127 members
- answers to Politburo Standing Committee
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Central Committee
- 200 full members / 170 alternate members
- selects Politburo Standing Committee
- selects Politburo
- Selects Central Military Commission
- Selects Secretariat
19th Party Congress
- 2270 delegates
- Selects Central Committee
- Selects Central Commission for DIscipline Inspection
- Elected by local provincial party organizations
- Delegates are required to be highly qualified politcally & ideologically, and be competent in past work and discussing state affairs
- People's Liberation Army makes up one Unit
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Central Military Commission
- 12 members
- answers to Politburo Standing Committee
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