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Biomimetic Adhesives (Requirements (Robust bulk matrix (Sustains…

- - - - Heart
      - Lungs
- - - - Thrombin + fibrinogen
      - Used as a sealant
      - Difficult to polymerise and forms fragile gels
      - High batch variation
      - Very expensive
    - - Chondroitin Sulfate
        
        Found in connective tissue and joints
        
        Attracts water (highly sulfated)
        
        Used in subchondral bone implants
      - Modification
        
        UV polymerisable
        
        Allows bonding to
        another material
        
        Oxidation to create 2
        aldehyde groups
        
        React with amines in tissue
        
        Will not polymerise with itself
        
        Will adhere to tissue/PEG selectively
  - - - Gecko pads
        
        Topographical adhesion
        
        Excellent dry adhesion
      - Mussel adhesive proteins
        
        Catechol groups
        
        Can be oxidised -> highly reactive
        
        Excellent wet adhesion
      - Combination provides excellent wet and dry adhesion
      - Difficult and expensive to manufacture
    - - Attaches to host using microneedles
      - Manufacture array of microneedles
        
        Coat in a block copolymer
        
        Polystyrene + polyacrylic acid
        
        Amphiphillic
        
        Extreme swelling in water
        
        Swells subcutaneously
        
        Anchors to tissue
        
        Difficult to remove
    - - Tannic Acid
        
        Many alcohol & catechol groups
      - Mixed with PEGS
      - Formation of hydrogen bonds with PEG backbone
      - End chemistry of PEG -> amine
      - Can be reversible
      - Low adhesion
    - - Viscous defensive mucous
      - Very hydrophobic
      - Synthetic elastomer
        
        UV reactive backbone
        
        High tissue adhesion
        
        Septal defect sealant
        
        Thin fibrous capsule
        
        Problems
        
        Relies on UV curing (DNA damage)
        
        Requires sutures
- - - - Cannot be adjusted
  - - - Gels in situ
      - Can cross-link in syringe