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Background infomation (Role of enzymes in metabolism (Catabolic reactions,…
Background infomation
Role of enzymes in metabolism
Can either combined substrates or break them apart
Role of enzymes in metabolism
speeds up chemical reactions
Catabolic reactions
breaks down the substrate
Anabolic reactions
combines substrates together
without enzymes reactions that occur in cells.
will be slow and the cell wouldn’t function at optimum range
metabolism is all chemical reactions that occur in an organism
specific enzymes catalysis specific reactions
Simple model to describe how they fit to specific substrates
a substrate fitting into a specific active site once the enzyme has connected
substrate complex is formed chemical reactions will take place
Chemical composition of enzymes
Enzymes are proteins
Not used up in the reaction
Have a particular shape
shape of active site will only fit to specific substrates
he surface of enzyme is called active site
substrates bind with active site
Effects of the environment on enzyme activity
Enzymes function best at body temperature of an organism in which they are found
As temperature increases the rate of reaction increases until the optimum is reached
Increase in the temperature
After optimum temperature is reached enzyme will start to denature and the rate of reaction will slow
Change in pH
Difference alkalinity and acidity levels can affect the shape of the active site.
the rate of reaction will slow down
importance and need for the maintenance of a constant internal environment
has enzymes denature when the internal environment changes
active site changes
substrate cannot bind to enzyme
Chemical reactions don’t speed up / occur has enzymes don’t work
the cell cannot function properly without enzymes working.
important to maintenance a constant internal environment
Change in substrates concertation
Higher the substrate concertation, greater the rate of reaction.
Once substrate has reached at the saturation point.
the substrate will not increase the rate of reaction
Specific optimum ranges for temp, pH and substrate conc.
pepsin and proteins in egg whites
Optimum pH
1.5 - 1.6 pH
Optimum Temp.
37-42 degrees
Caltase in yeast and hydrogen peroxide
Optimum Temp.
37 degrees
Optimum pH
1.5 - 2 pH
glucose in yeast and glucose
Optimum temp.
20-30 degrees
optimum pH
4-4.5 pH
