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Early Childhood
Lecture 5
Learning Outcomes:
Physical development
…
Early Childhood
Lecture 5
Learning Outcomes:
- Physical development
- Cognitive development
- Social and emotional development
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
HEALTH AND ILLNESS
Minor illnesses
- Respiratory infections - Colds, sore throat
- Gastrointestinal upsets - Nausea, vomiting
Major illnesses
- Pneumonia
- Diarrhea
- Measles
- Tetanus
SLEEP
Average 10 to 11 hours per 24 hr
- 9 to 10 hr - night
- 1 to 2 hr - nap
Problems or Disorders Disrupt Sleep
- Sleep terrors - Occur early in night during deep sleep
- Nightmares
- Insomnia
- Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
Growth Patterns
Changes Occur
- Height : Dramatic gains - 2 years
- 2-3 inces in height per year
- Weight : 4-6 pounds per year
Brain Develop
- Develop more quickly than any other organ
- 2 year - Attained 75% adult weight
- 5 year - Attained 90% adult weight
- Due to myelination
Right-brained and left-brained
- Left- Problem solving, logical
- Right- Recognition of faces, discrimination of color
- Functions overlap - Myelination of corpus callosum
“Plasticity of the Brain”
- Ability to compensate for injury
- Sprouting
NUTRITION
Children’s Nutritional Needs and Patterns of eating
- Need more calories than toddlers
- Appetite decreases and becomes erratic (changeable)
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Gross motor Skills develop
- Large muscles used in locomotion
- Gross(very obvious) motor development
Fine Motor Skills
- Small muscles used - manipulation and coordination
- Proximodistal trend
Problems Connected With Being Left-handed
- Language problems - Dyslexia and stuttering
- Health problems - Migraine
- Psychological problems - Schizophrenia
Theories of Handedness
- Genetic component
- Identical twins
ELIMINATION DISORDERS
Enuresis - Bed-wetting
- Causes - Organic, psychological, stress, sleep disorder
- What to do?
- Limit fluid intake late in the day
- Wake the child during the night
Encopresis
- Less common than enuresis
- More common in daytime
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Theory of Mind
- How the mind works
:star:Preschool aged children
- Beginning to understand source of knowledge
- Elementary ability to distinguish appearance from reality
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Language Development
Development of Vocabulary
- Fast-mapping
- Whole-object assumption
- Contrast assumption
Development of Grammar
- Expand telegraphic speech
- Asking questions
- Passive sentences
Pragmatics
- Adjust speech to fit the social situation
- 3 to 5 years
Lev Vygotsky’s (1978) Views
- Children’s interaction with older,
more knowledgeable people
Development of Memory
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Factors Affect Memory
- Types of Memory
- Interest Level
- Retrieval Cues
- Types of Measurement
Memory Strategies
- for remembering - age 5
- Concrete memory aids - young children
Think and Behave
- Symbolic thought and play
- Pretend play
- Imaginary Friends
Characterize the Logic
- Egocentrism - Only view the world
through their own perspective
- Three-mountain test
- Conservation
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