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Gender and Sexuality (The Psychological State of Human Sexuality: Gender,…

- - - - parental influences and cultural expectations to adhere gender roles
    - - individualistic/nontraditional versus collectivistic/traditional role adoption.
    - - sexual characteristcs of the genitals, hormonal differences, and possible differences in the brain structure and processing
  - - - Piaget-Like schemas and Concepts for male and female develop and influence gender roles
    - - positive or negative characteristics assigned on a basis on being male or female; can lead to sexism
    - - gender roles learned through observation and imitation of models
    - - positive aspects of males and females, regardless of gender
  - - - process by which people learn gender roles
    - - sense of being male or female (influenced by both biology and environment)
    - - cultural behavioral expectations for males and females
  - - - may be present but are possibly due to psychological and social issues rather than biology
- - - - females: outer vagina swells and outer lips flush due to increased blood flow, clitoris retracts under clitoral hood
      - Males: penis becomes more erect, may release a few drops of seminal fluid
    - - Females: can experience multiple orgasms that results; males typically only have one orgasm that result in release of seminal fluid/sperm
      - shortest stages, consists of series of rhythmic muscular contractions
    - - beginning of sexual arousal/ preparation for intercourse
        
        female: clitoris swells, vaginal lips opens, vagina moistens
        
        Males: penis becomes erect, testes pull up, scrotum tightens
        
        nipples harden in both sexes
    - - return of the body to prearousal state; male have a refractory period during which another orgasm is not possible