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Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction (Hypothyroidism (Diagnostic…
Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Hypothyroidism
Diagnostic Criteria
Sensitive TSH assay, free T4, total T4, T3 uptake
Thyroid autoantibodies, antithyroglobulin
Treatment
Lifelong thyroid hormone therapy
Levothyroxine
Clinical Manifestations
Fatigue, weakness, cold intolerance, weight gain, dry skin, coarse hair, constipation, lethargy, impaired reproduction, impaired memory
Myxedema
Cushing Syndrome
Clinical Manifestations
Obesity of the trunk, face, and upper back
“Moon face”, “buffalo hump”
Weakness, muscle wasting
Striae
Atrophic, thin skin
Diagnostic Criteria
24 hour urine collection (elevated cortisol)
Imaging studies
Treatment
Surgery, radiation
Corticosteroid medications
Addison Disease
Clinical Manifestations
Hyperpigmentation
Treatment
Oral replacement of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones
Isotonic IV fluid replacement
Diagnostic Criteria
Depressed corticosteroid levels after ACTH
Electrolyte levels (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia)