we can observe the patient's P.G.F (posture, gestures, and facial expression), before utilising the three areas of exploration, which is their subjective and objective description of mood & rapport. then we can observe the flow of talk, ask about the patient's ideas and beliefs to look out for any tell tale signs of abnormal perception , and on their insights (which is whether the patient recognises their psychological change, knowing that the changes is pathological in nature, and recognise the need for treatment plan