Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction

SIADH

Diagnostic Criteria

Treatment

Clinical Manifestations

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, disorientation, muscle cramps, weakness.

Decreased, concentrated urine output

Hypotonicity

Decreased urine volume

Hyponatremia

Highly concentrated urine with high sodium content

Absence of renal, adrenal, or thyroid abnormalities

Removal of DIADH

Water restriction

Hypertonic intravenous (IV) solutions

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnostic Criteria

Treatment

Polyuria

Excessive thirst

Hypersomality, severe dehydration

(Physical exam) dehydration, enlargement of bladder

(Laboratory measures) Serum solute concentration, ADH levels, urine-specific gravity

Urine specific gravity of 1.005 of less, urine osmolality less than 200 mOsm/kg

(Pharmacologic treatment) Desmopressin

Hydration

Hyperthyroidism

Treatment

Diagnostic Criteria

Clinical Manifestations

Exophthalmos

Gorier

Weight loss, agitation, restlessness, sweating, heat intolerance, diarrhea, tachycardia, palpations, tremors, fine hair, oily skin, irregular menstruation

Medications that block thyroid hormone production

Ablation of the thyroid gland

TSH levels

Serum-free thyroxine measurement

(Physical exam) enlarged thyroid gland, protrusion of eyes