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Food production -- nutrition and types of agriculture (Nutrition and…
Food production -- nutrition and types of agriculture
Nutrition and malnutrition
Crop production: Traditional vs industrialized vs organic
Genetically-modified crops
Fish and shellfish production -- fisheries and aquaculture
people need
macronutrients
and
micronutirents
undernutrition
- literally starving
malnutrition
- eats but is low in nutrients
poor ppl can't afford meat
hunger is decreasing but a lot of ppl are still suffering from hunger
not only hunger, deficiencies too
lack of key nutrients makes ppl weak and vulnerable to disease, hinders physical and mantel development of children
first world
malnutrition
food deserts - where ppl live far from where food is grown/raised
food w/ lots of salt, fats, sugar are the cheapest
overnutrition - energy intake > energy use
- 3 systems (use ~40% wordl's land)
croplands - grains (~77% world's food) -
rangelands, pastures, feedlots - meat and meat products
fisheries and aquaculture - fish and shellfish
- How is food produced?
lack of food diversity
if the animals/plants we depend on disappear
food specialization goes against the principle of biodiversity
Traditional agriculture
20% world's food crops
traditional substance agriculture - for a farm family's survivial
traditional intensive agriculture - for their families and have some left to sell
polyculture
is good bc:
many crops mature at different times
provides food year round
less need for fertilizer and water
diversity reduces chance of loosing crops
industralized agriculture
high input agriculture
goal is to increase crop's yield
25% of all cropland, in more developed countries, produces ~80% of world's food
plantation agriculture - a form of industrialized agriculture used primarily in less developed tropical countries
the green revolution - btwn 1950 and 2014 world grain prod increased 312%
three steps:
1 - monocultures
2 - more water, fertilizer and pesticides
3 - incoase number crops grown per year
farm subisidies
cross-breeding and genetic engineering
crossbreeding - uses artificial selection. slow and reduces genetic diversity
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) - alters organism's genetic material. cheaper and faster
nobody knows long term consequences of GMOs
health issues
environmental issues
meat production
meat production is increasing
industrialized meat production
animals are fed and some are fed w/ gh and antibiotics to accelerate livestock growth
Health risks
gh and antibiotics potential health risks
antibiotic resistance
industrialized fish and shellfish production
fishery - concentration of an aquatic species
aquaculture or fish farming - raising fish in freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and rices paddies, and underwater cages