Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Language (The Nature of Language (Language is rule governed (Phonological…

- - - - Example: The words champagne and double are spelled the same way in French and English but are pronounced differently
    - - Example: English syntax prohibits sentences such as "Have you the cookies brought?" which is an acceptable word order in German
    - - Example: Female employee feeling offended after her male boss tells her "You look pretty today"
- - - - Example: Nurse telling patient that he "wouldn't be needing" the materials he requested from home, and the patient interpreting that as him being near death even though nurse meant he would be able to reutrn home soon
    - - Example: Cyclists who talk about "bonking" are referring to running out of energy
    - - Abstract language: Language that lacks specificity or does not refer to observable behavior or other sensory data
      - Abstraction ladder: A range of more- to less-abstract terms describing an event or object
      - Behavioral descriptions: An account that refers only to observable phenomena
  - - - Factual statements are claims that can be verified as true or false
        
        Example: "It rains more in Seattle than in Portland"
      - Opinion statements are based on the speaker's beliefs
        
        Example: "The climate in Portland is better than in Seattle"
    - - Inferential statements: Conclusions arrived at from an interpretation of evidence
        
        Example: "He was daydreaming when he hit the lamppost"
    - - Example: Describing something ugly as a "piece of junk"
  - - - Example: Using the word "restroom" instead of "toilet"
- - - - Example: Femals spend more time discussing relational issues; men are more likely to discuss recreational topics
    - - Example: Women ask more questions in mixed-sex conversations than men do
  - - - Example: Differences in hormones between men and women
    - - Example: Social norms of how women and men interact
- - - - Example: Name choice can be a powerful way to make a statement about cultural identity
    - - Example: Incorrect use of the pronoun "he" to refer to both men and women can have damaging results
  - - - Example: Using powerless language can make a person appear less authoritative or socially attractive
    - - Divergence: Speaking in a way that emphasizes difference from others
      - Convergence: Accomodating one's speaking style to another person, who usually is desirable or has higher status
      - Linguistic intergroup bias: The tendency to label people and behaviors in terms that reflect their group in-group or out-group status
    - - Example: "it" versus "I" statements can reflect a person's willingness to accept a responsibility